fin prob

6 files changed, 2005 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/matrix-std/src/core.rs b/matrix-std/src/core.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b6d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/matrix-std/src/core.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+use std::hash::{DefaultHasher, Hasher};
+use rand::Rng;
+use matrix_lang::prelude::*;
+use matrix_macros::native_func;
+use crate::{VmArgs, next, error, unpack_args, unpack_varargs};
+
+fn to_radix(r: i64, mut n: i64) -> String {
+    let mut result = String::new();
+    let mut idx = 0;
+    if n == 0 {
+        result.push('0');
+        return result
+    } else if n < 0 {
+        n = -n;
+        idx = 1;
+        result.push('-');
+    }
+    while n != 0 {
+        let c = std::char::from_digit((n % r) as u32, r as u32).unwrap();
+        result.insert(idx, c);
+        n /= r;
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn bin(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::String(to_radix(2, n).into())),
+        _ => error!("bin requires a integer agument")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn sex(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::String(to_radix(6, n).into())),
+        _ => error!("sex requires a integer agument")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn oct(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::String(to_radix(8, n).into())),
+        _ => error!("oct requires a integer agument")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn hex(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        Value::Int(n) => Ok(Value::String(to_radix(16, n).into())),
+        _ => error!("hex requires a integer agument")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn radix(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [radix, value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match (radix, value) {
+        (Value::Int(r), Value::Int(n)) => Ok(Value::String(to_radix(r, n).into())),
+        _ => error!("radix requires two integer aguments")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1..)]
+fn append(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let ([list], args) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+    let Value::List(mut list) = list else {
+        return error!("append requires a list")
+    };
+    for arg in args {
+        list.push(arg);
+    };
+    Ok(Value::List(list))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn push(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [list, value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::List(mut list) = list else {
+        return error!("push requires a list")
+    };
+    list.push(value);
+    Ok(Value::List(list))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn pop(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [list] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::List(mut list) = list else {
+        return error!("pop requires a list")
+    };
+    match list.pop() {
+        Some(v) => Ok(v),
+        None => Ok(Value::Nil)
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn remove(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [list, index] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::List(mut list) = list else {
+        return error!("remove requires a list")
+    };
+    let Value::Int(i) = index else {
+        return error!("remove reuqires a int index");
+    };
+    if i < 0 || i as usize >= list.len() {
+        Ok(Value::Nil)
+    } else {
+        Ok(list.remove(i as usize))
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn hash(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+    value.try_hash(&mut hasher)?;
+    let fin = hasher.finish();
+    Ok(Value::Int(fin as u32 as i64))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn ord(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(str) = value else {
+        return error!("ord requires a 1 length string")
+    };
+    if str.len() != 1 {
+        return error!("ord requires a 1 length string")
+    }
+    let char = str.chars().next().unwrap();
+    Ok(Value::Int(char as i64))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn chr(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::Int(i) = value else {
+        return error!("chr requires an int")
+    };
+    match char::from_u32(i as u32) {
+        Some(c) => Ok(Value::String(String::from(c).into())),
+        None => error!("unable to get char from: {}", i as u32)
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn str(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    Ok(Value::String(format!("{value}").into()))
+}
+
+fn partition(list: &mut [Value], lo: usize, hi: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
+    let pivot = list[(lo + hi) / 2].clone();
+    let mut lt = lo;
+    let mut eq = lo;
+    let mut gt = hi;
+
+    while eq <= gt {
+        if list[eq] < pivot {
+            list.swap(eq, lt);
+            lt += 1;
+            eq += 1;
+        } else if list[eq] > pivot {
+            list.swap(eq, gt);
+            gt -= 1;
+        } else {
+            eq += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    (lt, gt)
+}
+
+fn quicksort(list: &mut [Value], lo: usize, hi: usize) {
+    if lo < hi {
+        let (lt, gt) = partition(list, lo, hi);
+        if lt > 0 {
+            quicksort(list, lo, lt - 1);
+        }
+        quicksort(list, gt + 1, hi);
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn sort(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::List(mut list) = value else {
+        return error!("sort requires a list")
+    };
+    if list.len() > 1 {
+        let hi = list.len() - 1;
+        quicksort(list.as_mut(), 0, hi);
+    }
+    Ok(Value::List(list))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn rand(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+    Ok(Value::Float(rng.gen()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0..)]
+fn rand_range(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let ([], varargs) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+    let (min, max, step) = match varargs.as_slice() {
+        [V::Int(max)] => {
+            (0, *max, 1)
+        },
+        [V::Int(min), V::Int(max)] => {
+            (*min, *max, 1)
+        },
+        [V::Int(min), V::Int(max), V::Int(step)] => {
+            (*min, *max, *step)
+        },
+        _ => return error!("rand_range takes 1 to 3 [Int]'s")
+    };
+    if max <= min {
+        return Ok(Value::Int(min))
+    }
+    let count = ((max - 1 - min) / step) + 1;
+    let rng = (rand::thread_rng().gen::<u32>() % (count as u32)) as i64;
+    let i = min + (rng * step);
+    Ok(Value::Int(i))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn rand_int(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let (min, max) = match args.as_slice() {
+        [V::Int(min), V::Int(max)] => {
+            (*min, *max + 1)
+        },
+        _ => return error!("rand_int takes 2 [Int]'s")
+    };
+    if max <= min {
+        return Ok(Value::Int(min))
+    }
+
+    let count = max - min;
+    let rng = (rand::thread_rng().gen::<u32>() % (count as u32)) as i64;
+    let i = min + rng;
+    Ok(Value::Int(i))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn rand_in((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut vals = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break }
+        vals.push(val);
+    }
+    if vals.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Value::Nil)
+    }
+    let idx = rand::thread_rng().gen::<usize>() % vals.len();
+    Ok(vals[idx].clone())
+}
+
+pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    vm.load_global_fn(bin(), "bin");
+    vm.load_global_fn(sex(), "sex");
+    vm.load_global_fn(oct(), "oct");
+    vm.load_global_fn(hex(), "hex");
+    vm.load_global_fn(radix(), "radix");
+    vm.load_global_fn(str(), "str");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(append(), "append");
+    vm.load_global_fn(push(), "push");
+    vm.load_global_fn(pop(), "pop");
+    vm.load_global_fn(remove(), "remove");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(hash(), "hash");
+    vm.load_global_fn(ord(), "ord");
+    vm.load_global_fn(chr(), "chr");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(sort(), "sort");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rand(), "rand");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rand_range(), "rand_range");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rand_int(), "rand_int");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rand_in(), "rand_in");
+}
diff --git a/matrix-std/src/io.rs b/matrix-std/src/io.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19ff074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/matrix-std/src/io.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+use std::{io::{self, Read, Write}, cell::RefCell, fs::OpenOptions, rc::Rc};
+use matrix_lang::prelude::*;
+use matrix_macros::native_func;
+use crate::{error, VmArgs, unpack_varargs, unpack_args};
+
+#[native_func(0..)]
+fn print(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let ([], varags) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+    for (i, value) in varags.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        if i != 0 {
+            print!(" ");
+        }
+        print!("{value}");
+    }
+    Ok(Value::Nil)
+}
+
+#[native_func(0..)]
+fn println(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let ([], varags) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+    for (i, value) in varags.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        if i != 0 {
+            print!(" ");
+        }
+        print!("{value}");
+    }
+    print!("\n");
+    Ok(Value::Nil)
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn readln(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let mut input = String::new();
+    match io::stdin().read_line(&mut input) {
+        Ok(_) => {
+            match input.pop() {
+                Some(c) if c == '\n' => {},
+                Some(c) => input.push(c),
+                None => {}
+            };
+            Ok(Value::String(input.into()))
+        },
+        Err(err) => error!("cant read from stdin: {err}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn input(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [prompt] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mut input = String::new();
+    print!("{prompt}");
+    let _ = io::stdout().flush();
+    match io::stdin().read_line(&mut input) {
+        Ok(_) => {
+            match input.pop() {
+                Some(c) if c == '\n' => {},
+                Some(c) => input.push(c),
+                None => {}
+            };
+            Ok(Value::String(input.into()))
+        },
+        Err(err) => error!("cant read from stdin: {err}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn readlines(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let lines = RefCell::new(io::stdin().lines());
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        match lines.borrow_mut().next() {
+            Some(Ok(line)) => Ok(Value::String(line.into())),
+            _ => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn file_open(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [path, mode] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(mode) = mode else {
+        return error!("open mode must be a string")
+    };
+    let Value::String(path) = path else {
+        return error!("open path must be a string")
+    };
+    let file = match mode.as_ref() {
+        "r" => OpenOptions::new().read(true).open(path.as_ref()),
+        "w" => OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path.as_ref()),
+        "a" => OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).append(true).open(path.as_ref()),
+        "r+" => OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).open(path.as_ref()),
+        "w+" => OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path.as_ref()),
+        "a+" => OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).create(true).append(true).open(path.as_ref()),
+        _ => return error!("invalid open mode: {mode}")
+    };
+
+    match file {
+        Ok(file) => Ok(Value::File(Rc::new(RefCell::new(file)))),
+        Err(err) => return error!("cannot open '{path}': {err}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn file_read(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [file] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::File(file) = file else {
+        return error!("file read requires a file")
+    };
+    let mut contents = String::new();
+    if let Err(err) = file.try_borrow_mut().unwrap().read_to_string(&mut contents) {
+        return error!("cannot read file: '{err}'")
+    };
+    Ok(Value::String(contents.into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn file_lines(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [file] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::File(file) = file else {
+        return error!("file read requires a file")
+    };
+    let mut contents = String::new();
+    if let Err(err) = file.try_borrow_mut().unwrap().read_to_string(&mut contents) {
+        return error!("cannot read file: '{err}'")
+    };
+    let lines: Vec<Rc<str>> = contents.split_inclusive("\n").map(|s| Rc::from(s)).collect();
+    let lines = RefCell::new(lines.into_iter());
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        match lines.borrow_mut().next() {
+            Some(line) => Ok(Value::String(line)),
+            None => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn file_write(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [file, content] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::File(file) = file else {
+        return error!("file write requires a file")
+    };
+    let content = format!("{content}");
+    if let Err(err) = file.try_borrow_mut().unwrap().write_all(content.as_bytes()) {
+        return error!("cannot write file: '{err}'")
+    };
+    Ok(Value::Nil)
+}
+
+#[native_func(0..)]
+fn throw(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let ([], varargs) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+
+    let mut str = String::new();
+    for (i, v) in varargs.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        if i != 0 {
+            str.push_str(" ");
+        }
+         str.push_str(&format!("{v}"));
+    }
+
+    error!("{str}")
+}
+
+pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    vm.load_global_fn(print(), "print");
+    vm.load_global_fn(println(), "println");
+    vm.load_global_fn(readln(), "readln");
+    vm.load_global_fn(input(), "input");
+    vm.load_global_fn(readlines(), "readlines");
+    vm.load_global_fn(file_open(), "file_open");
+    vm.load_global_fn(file_read(), "file_read");
+    vm.load_global_fn(file_lines(), "file_lines");
+    vm.load_global_fn(file_write(), "file_write");
+    vm.load_global_fn(throw(), "throw");
+}
diff --git a/matrix-std/src/iter.rs b/matrix-std/src/iter.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638755c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/matrix-std/src/iter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+use matrix_lang::prelude::*;
+use matrix_macros::native_func;
+use crate::{error, next, VmArgs, unpack_args, unpack_varargs};
+
+use Value as V;
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn len(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let len = match value {
+        V::List(l) => l.len(),
+        V::Matrix(m) => m.values.len(),
+        V::String(s) => s.len(),
+        V::Table(t) => t.len(),
+        _ => 1
+    };
+    Ok(V::Int(len as i64))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn sum((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut res = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+    if res == Value::Nil {
+        return Ok(res)
+    };
+    loop {
+        let next = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if next == Value::Nil { break }
+        res = (res + next)?;
+    }
+    Ok(res)
+}
+
+#[native_func(0..)]
+fn range(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let ([], varargs) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+    let (min, max, step) = match varargs.as_slice() {
+        [V::Int(max)] => {
+            (0, *max, 1)
+        },
+        [V::Int(min), V::Int(max)] => {
+            (*min, *max, 1)
+        },
+        [V::Int(min), V::Int(max), V::Int(step)] => {
+            (*min, *max, *step)
+        },
+        _ => return error!("range takes 1 to 3 [Int]'s")
+    };
+
+    let i = RefCell::new(min);
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        let curr = *(i.borrow());
+        *(i.borrow_mut()) = curr + step;
+        if (step >= 0 && curr >= max) || (step <= 0 && curr <= max) {
+            return Ok(V::Nil)
+        } else {
+            return Ok(V::Int(curr))
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn iter(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    Ok(value.into_iter()?)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn once(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let first = RefCell::new(false);
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        if *first.borrow() == false {
+            *first.borrow_mut() = true;
+            Ok(value.clone())
+        } else {
+            Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn list((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut list = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let res = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if res == Value::Nil { break }
+        list.push(res);
+    }
+    Ok(Value::List(list.into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn map(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [fun, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Function(fun) = fun else {
+        return error!("map 1st arg must be a function")
+    };
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm,frame),_| {
+        let input = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if input == Value::Nil {
+            return Ok(input)
+        }
+        vm.run_fn(frame, fun.clone(), vec![input])
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn fold((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [fun, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Function(fun) = fun else {
+        return error!("fold 1st arg must be a function")
+    };
+    let mut res = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+    if res == Value::Nil {
+        return Ok(Value::Nil)
+    };
+    loop {
+        let next = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if next == Value::Nil {
+            return Ok(res)
+        };
+        res = vm.run_fn(frame, fun.clone(), vec![res, next])?;
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(3)]
+fn foldi((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [init, fun, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Function(fun) = fun else {
+        return error!("foldi 1st arg must be a function")
+    };
+    let mut res = init;
+    loop {
+        let next = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if next == Value::Nil {
+            return Ok(res)
+        };
+        res = vm.run_fn(frame, fun.clone(), vec![res, next])?;
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn count((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut len = 0;
+    loop {
+        let res = vm.run_fn(frame, iter.clone(), vec![])?;
+        if res == Value::Nil { break };
+        len += 1;
+    }
+    Ok(Value::Int(len))
+}
+
+#[native_func(3)]
+fn scan(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [init, fun, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Function(fun) = fun else {
+        return error!("scan 2nd arg must be a function")
+    };
+    let res = RefCell::new(init);
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm,frame),_| {
+        let next = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if next == Value::Nil {
+            return Ok(Value::Nil)
+        };
+        let res_next = vm.run_fn(frame, fun.clone(), vec![res.borrow().clone(), next])?;
+        *res.borrow_mut() = res_next;
+        Ok(res.borrow().clone())
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn filter(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [fun, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Function(fun) = fun else {
+        return error!("filter 1st arg must be a function")
+    };
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm,frame),_| {
+        loop {
+            let next = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+            if next == Value::Nil {
+                return Ok(Value::Nil)
+            }
+            let res = vm.run_fn(frame, fun.clone(), vec![next.clone()])?;
+            if !!res {
+                return Ok(next)
+            }
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0..)]
+fn chain(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let ([], iters) = unpack_varargs!(args);
+
+    let mut chaind = Vec::new();
+    for iter in iters {
+        chaind.push(iter.into_iter_fn()?);
+    }
+
+    chaind.reverse();
+    let chaind = RefCell::new(chaind);
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm,frame), _| {
+        loop {
+            let curr = match chaind.borrow_mut().last() {
+                Some(iter) => iter.clone(),
+                None => return Ok(Value::Nil)
+            };
+            match vm.run_fn(frame, curr.clone(), vec![]) {
+                Ok(Value::Nil) => {
+                    chaind.borrow_mut().pop();
+                    continue;
+                },
+                v => return v
+            };
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn lines(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [str] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(str) = str else {
+        return error!("lines arg must be a string")
+    };
+    let lines: Vec<Rc<str>> = str.split("\n").map(|s| Rc::from(s)).collect();
+    let res = RefCell::new(lines.into_iter());
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        match res.borrow_mut().next() {
+            Some(line) => Ok(Value::String(line)),
+            None => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn skip((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [count, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Int(i) = count else {
+        return error!("skip count requires a int")
+    };
+    for _ in 0..i {
+        next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+    }
+    Ok(Value::Iter(iter))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn alternate(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [il, ir] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let il = il.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let ir = ir.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let flag = RefCell::new(Some(0));
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm, frame),_| {
+        let f = *flag.borrow();
+        match f {
+            Some(0) => {
+                let val = next!(vm, frame, il)?;
+                if val == Value::Nil {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = None;
+                } else {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = Some(1);
+                }
+                Ok(val)
+            },
+            Some(1) => {
+                let val = next!(vm, frame, ir)?;
+                if val == Value::Nil {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = None;
+                } else {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = Some(0);
+                }
+                Ok(val)
+            },
+            _ => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn intersperse((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let flag = RefCell::new(Some(0));
+    let next = RefCell::new(next!(vm, frame, iter)?);
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm, frame),_| {
+        let f = *flag.borrow();
+        match f {
+            Some(0) => {
+                let val = next.borrow();
+                if *val == Value::Nil {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = None;
+                } else {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = Some(1);
+                }
+                Ok(val.clone())
+            },
+            Some(1) => {
+                *next.borrow_mut() = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+                if *next.borrow() == Value::Nil {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = None;
+                    return Ok(Value::Nil)
+                } else {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = Some(0);
+                }
+                let val = value.clone();
+                Ok(val)
+            },
+            _ => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn zip(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [il, ir] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let il = il.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let ir = ir.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let flag = RefCell::new(true);
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm, frame),_| {
+        let f = *flag.borrow();
+        match f {
+            true => {
+                let vl = next!(vm, frame, il)?;
+                let vr = next!(vm, frame, ir)?;
+                if vl == Value::Nil || vr == Value::Nil {
+                    *flag.borrow_mut() = false;
+                    return Ok(Value::Nil)
+                }
+                Ok(Value::List(vec![vl, vr].into()))
+            },
+            _ => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn unzip((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut ll = Vec::new();
+    let mut lr = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil {
+            break;
+        }
+        let Value::List(vals) = val else {
+            return error!("unzip only works over a iterator of pairs");
+        };
+        let vals = vals.into_inner();
+        if vals.len() != 2 {
+            return error!("unzip only works over a iterator of pairs");
+        }
+        let [l, r] = vals.try_into().unwrap();
+        ll.push(l);
+        lr.push(r);
+    }
+    let ll = Value::List(ll.into());
+    let lr = Value::List(lr.into());
+    Ok(Value::List(vec![ll, lr].into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn cycle((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut values = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break };
+        values.push(val);
+    }
+    let idx = RefCell::new(0_usize);
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        let i = *idx.borrow();
+        *idx.borrow_mut() += 1;
+        *idx.borrow_mut() %= values.len();
+        Ok(values[i].clone())
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn take((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [count, iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let Value::Int(count) = count else {
+        return error!("take requires an int amount to collect")
+    };
+    let mut values = Vec::new();
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break };
+        values.push(val);
+    }
+    Ok(Value::List(values.into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn last((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut last = Value::Nil;
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break };
+        last = val;
+    }
+    Ok(last)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn next((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+    Ok(val)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn min((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut min = Value::Nil;
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break };
+        if min == Value::Nil || val < min {
+            min = val;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(min)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn max((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut max = Value::Nil;
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break };
+        if max == Value::Nil || val > max {
+            max = val;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(max)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn rev((vm, frame): VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+    let mut values = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil { break };
+        values.push(val);
+    }
+    let values = RefCell::new(values);
+    Ok(iter!(move |_,_| {
+        match values.borrow_mut().pop() {
+            Some(v) => Ok(v),
+            None => Ok(Value::Nil)
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn enumerate(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [iter] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let iter = iter.into_iter_fn()?;
+
+    let idx = RefCell::new(0_i64);
+    Ok(iter!(move |(vm, frame),_| {
+        let val = next!(vm, frame, iter)?;
+        if val == Value::Nil {
+            return Ok(Value::Nil)
+        };
+        let curr = *idx.borrow();
+        *idx.borrow_mut() += 1;
+        Ok(Value::List(vec![Value::Int(curr), val].into()))
+    }))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn iterable(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    use Value as V;
+    match value {
+        V::Function(_) |
+            V::List(_) |
+            V::Range(_) |
+            V::Iter(_)
+            => Ok(V::Bool(true)),
+        _ => Ok(V::Bool(false))
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    vm.load_global_fn(take(), "take");
+    vm.load_global_fn(unzip(), "unzip");
+    vm.load_global_fn(count(), "count");
+    vm.load_global_fn(len(), "len");
+    vm.load_global_fn(sum(), "sum");
+    vm.load_global_fn(min(), "min");
+    vm.load_global_fn(max(), "max");
+    vm.load_global_fn(next(), "next");
+    vm.load_global_fn(last(), "last");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(list(), "list");
+    vm.load_global_fn(fold(), "fold");
+    vm.load_global_fn(foldi(), "foldi");
+    vm.load_global_fn(scan(), "scan");
+    vm.load_global_fn(chain(), "chain");
+    vm.load_global_fn(lines(), "lines");
+    vm.load_global_fn(skip(), "skip");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(once(), "once");
+    vm.load_global_fn(iter(), "iter");
+    vm.load_global_fn(range(), "range");
+    vm.load_global_fn(map(), "map");
+    vm.load_global_fn(filter(), "filter");
+    vm.load_global_fn(skip(), "skip");
+    vm.load_global_fn(zip(), "zip");
+    vm.load_global_fn(cycle(), "cycle");
+    vm.load_global_fn(alternate(), "alternate");
+    vm.load_global_fn(intersperse(), "intersperse");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rev(), "rev");
+    vm.load_global_fn(enumerate(), "enumerate");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(iterable(), "iterable");
+}
diff --git a/matrix-std/src/lib.rs b/matrix-std/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af4ecab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/matrix-std/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+mod core;
+mod sys;
+mod math;
+mod io;
+mod iter;
+
+use matrix_lang::prelude::*;
+pub(crate) type VmArgs<'a, 'b> = (&'a mut Vm, &'b mut StackFrame);
+
+macro_rules! error {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
+        Err(::matrix_lang::prelude::exception!(::matrix_lang::prelude::RUNTIME_EXCEPTION, $($arg)*))
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! next {
+    ($vm:expr, $frame:expr, $iter:expr) => {
+        $vm.run_fn($frame, $iter.clone(), vec![])
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! unpack_args {
+    ($e:expr) => {
+        $e.try_into().expect("bypassed arity check")
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! unpack_varargs {
+    ($e:expr) => {{
+        let mut args = $e;
+        let matrix_lang::prelude::Value::List(varargs) = args.pop().expect("bypassed arity check") else {
+            panic!("bypassed arity check")
+        };
+        let varargs = varargs.into_inner();
+        (args.try_into().expect("bypassed arity check"), varargs)
+    }};
+}
+
+pub(crate) use error;
+pub(crate) use next;
+pub(crate) use unpack_args;
+pub(crate) use unpack_varargs;
+
+pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    core::load(vm);
+    sys::load(vm);
+    io::load(vm);
+    iter::load(vm);
+    math::load(vm);
+}
diff --git a/matrix-std/src/math.rs b/matrix-std/src/math.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..111544c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/matrix-std/src/math.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+use core::f64;
+use std::f64::{consts::{PI, E, TAU}, NAN, INFINITY};
+use matrix_lang::prelude::*;
+use matrix_macros::native_func;
+use crate::{error, VmArgs, unpack_args};
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn trans(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mat = match value {
+        Value::Matrix(m) => m,
+        Value::List(l) => Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()).into(),
+        _ => return error!("trans must be given a matrix")
+    };
+    let values = mat
+        .cols()
+        .reduce(|mut a, b| {a.extend(b); a})
+        .unwrap()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|e| e.clone())
+        .collect();
+    Ok(Value::Matrix(Matrix::new(mat.codomain, mat.domain, values).into()))
+}
+
+fn mat_gauss_row_operation(
+    r1: usize,
+    r2: usize,
+    scale: Value,
+    mat: &mut Matrix
+) -> Result<()> {
+    for col in 0..mat.domain {
+        let r1v = mat.get(r1, col)?;
+        let r2v = mat.get(r2, col)?;
+        let res = (r1v - (r2v * scale.clone())?)?;
+        mat.set(r1, col, res)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn mat_swap_rows(
+    r1: usize,
+    r2: usize,
+    mat: &mut Matrix
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let cols = mat.domain;
+    for col in 0..cols {
+        let a = mat.get(r1, col)?;
+        let b = mat.get(r2, col)?;
+        mat.set(r2, col, a)?;
+        mat.set(r1, col, b)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn mat_find_non_zero_col(
+    mat: &Matrix
+) -> Option<usize> {
+    for (i,col) in mat.cols().enumerate() {
+        for val in col.iter() {
+            if **val != Value::Int(0) {
+                return Some(i)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return None
+}
+
+fn mat_scale_pivot_row(
+    row: usize,
+    mat: &mut Matrix
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let scale = mat.get(row, row)?;
+    if scale.is_zero() {
+        return Ok(())
+    }
+    for col in 0..mat.domain {
+        let res = (mat.get(row, col)?.clone() / scale.clone())?;
+        mat.set(row, col, res)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn mat_get_non_zero_pivot_row(
+    row: usize,
+    mat: &mut Matrix,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let col = row;
+    let test = mat.get(row, col)?;
+    if test.is_zero() {
+        for r in row..mat.codomain {
+            let cur = mat.get(r, col)?;
+            if !cur.is_zero() {
+                mat_swap_rows(row, r, mat)?;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    mat_scale_pivot_row(row, mat)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn mat_rref(mat: Matrix, full_rref: bool) -> Result<Matrix> {
+    let mut mat = mat;
+    let Some(start) = mat_find_non_zero_col(&mat) else {
+        return Ok(mat)
+    };
+    let end = mat.domain.min(mat.codomain);
+    for col in start..end {
+        let pivot_row = col;
+        mat_get_non_zero_pivot_row(pivot_row, &mut mat)?;
+        if mat.get(pivot_row, col)?.is_zero() {
+            break
+        }
+        let min = if full_rref { 0 } else { col };
+        for row in min..mat.codomain {
+            if row == pivot_row { continue; };
+            let scale = mat.get(row, col)?;
+            mat_gauss_row_operation(row, pivot_row, scale, &mut mat)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(mat)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn rref(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mat = match value {
+        Value::Matrix(m) => m,
+        Value::List(l) => Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()).into(),
+        _ => return error!("rref must be given a matrix")
+    };
+    Ok(Value::Matrix(mat_rref(mat.into_inner(), true)?.into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn mat_ref(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mat = match value {
+        Value::Matrix(m) => m,
+        Value::List(l) => Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()).into(),
+        _ => return error!("ref must be given a matrix")
+    };
+    Ok(Value::Matrix(mat_rref(mat.into_inner(), false)?.into()))
+}
+
+fn mat_det(mat: Matrix) -> Result<Value> {
+    if mat.domain == 1 {
+        return Ok(mat.get(0,0)?)
+    }
+    if mat.domain == 2 {
+        let a = mat.get(0,0)? * mat.get(1,1)?;
+        let b = mat.get(0,1)? * mat.get(1,0)?;
+        return Ok((a? - b?)?)
+    }
+    let mut res = Value::Int(0);
+    for col in 0..mat.domain {
+        let sub_values = mat.rows()
+            .skip(1)
+            .map(|r|
+                 r.into_iter()
+                 .enumerate()
+                 .filter(|(idx,_)| *idx != col)
+                 .map(|(_, v)| v.clone())
+                 .collect::<Vec<Value>>()
+            )
+            .reduce(|mut a, b| {a.extend(b); a})
+            .unwrap();
+        let sub = Matrix::new(mat.domain - 1, mat.domain - 1, sub_values);
+        let val = mat.get(0, col)?;
+        let part = (val * mat_det(sub)?)?;
+        if col % 2 == 0 {
+            res = (res + part)?;
+        } else {
+            res = (res - part)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(res)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn det(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mat = match value {
+        Value::Matrix(m) if m.domain == m.codomain => m,
+        Value::List(l) if l.len() == 1 => Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()).into(),
+        _ => return error!("det requires a square matrix")
+    };
+    let mat = mat.into_inner();
+    Ok(mat_det(mat)?)
+}
+
+fn mat_ident(dim: usize) -> Matrix {
+    let len = dim * dim;
+    let mut values = vec![Value::Int(0); len];
+    let mut idx = 0;
+    loop {
+        if idx >= len { break };
+        values[idx] = Value::Int(1);
+        idx += dim + 1;
+    }
+    Matrix::new(dim, dim, values)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn ident(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let dim = match value {
+        Value::Int(i) if i > 0 => i,
+        Value::Ratio(r)
+            if *r.denom() == 1 &&
+               *r.numer() > 0
+                => *r.numer(),
+        _ => return error!("ident requries a positive [Int] dimension")
+    };
+    Ok(Value::Matrix(mat_ident(dim as usize).into()))
+}
+
+fn mat_splith(mat: Matrix) -> (Matrix, Matrix) {
+    let mut m1 = Vec::new();
+    let mut m2 = Vec::new();
+
+    mat.rows()
+        .for_each(|r| {
+            let split = r.len() / 2;
+            r.into_iter().enumerate().for_each(|(i, v)| {
+                if i < split {
+                    m1.push(v.clone());
+                } else {
+                    m2.push(v.clone());
+                }
+            })
+        });
+
+    let m1 = Matrix::new(mat.domain/2, mat.codomain, m1);
+    let m2 = Matrix::new(mat.domain/2, mat.codomain, m2);
+    (m1, m2)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn inv(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let mat = match value {
+        Value::Matrix(m) if m.domain == m.codomain => m,
+        Value::List(l) if l.len() == 1 => Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()).into(),
+        _ => return error!("det requires a square matrix")
+    };
+    let mat = mat.into_inner();
+    let ident = mat_ident(mat.domain);
+    let joined = mat.join_right(&ident)?;
+    let refed = mat_rref(joined, true)?;
+    let (new_ident, new_inv) = mat_splith(refed);
+
+    if new_ident == ident {
+        Ok(Value::Matrix(new_inv.into()))
+    } else {
+        error!("matrix does not have an inverse")
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! mathr {
+    ($type:ident) => {
+        #[native_func(1)]
+        fn $type(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+            use Value as V;
+            let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+            match value {
+                V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Int(i)),
+                V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Ratio(r.$type())),
+                V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f.$type())),
+                v => error!("cannot compute {} on {v}", stringify!($type))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! trig {
+    ($type:ident) => {
+        #[native_func(1)]
+        fn $type(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+            use Value as V;
+            let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+            match value.floaty() {
+                V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f.$type())),
+                V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Complex(c.$type())),
+                v => error!("cannot compute {} on {v}", stringify!($type))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! trigf {
+    ($type:ident, $str:ident) => {
+        #[native_func(1)]
+        fn $str(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+            use Value as V;
+            let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+            match value.floaty() {
+                V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f.$type())),
+                v => error!("cannot compute {} on {v}", stringify!($str))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn log(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [base, value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match (base.floaty(), value.floaty()) {
+        (V::Float(base), V::Float(arg)) => Ok(V::Float(arg.log(base))),
+        (V::Float(base), V::Complex(arg)) => Ok(V::Complex(arg.log(base))),
+        (V::Complex(base), V::Float(arg)) => Ok(V::Complex(arg.ln() / base.ln())),
+        (V::Complex(base), V::Complex(arg)) => Ok(V::Complex(arg.ln() / base.ln())),
+        (base, arg) => error!("cannot compute log base {base} argument {arg}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn abs(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Int(i.abs())),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f.abs())),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Ratio(Rational64::new(r.numer().abs(), r.denom().abs()))),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Float(c.norm())),
+        arg => error!("cannot compute abs for {arg}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn fract(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) => Ok(V::Int(0)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f.fract())),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Ratio(r.fract())),
+        arg => error!("cannot compute fract for {arg}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn sign(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Int(i.signum())),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Int(r.numer().signum())),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f.signum())),
+        arg => error!("cannot compute sign for {arg}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn int(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Int(i)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Int(r.numer() / r.denom())),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Int(f as i64)),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Int(c.re as i64)),
+        arg => error!("cannot cast {arg} to int")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn ratio(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Ratio(Rational64::new(i, 1))),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Ratio(r)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Ratio(Rational64::approximate_float(f).unwrap_or(Rational64::new(0, 1)))),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Ratio(Rational64::approximate_float(c.re).unwrap_or(Rational64::new(0, 1)))),
+        arg => error!("cannot cast {arg} to ratio")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn float(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Float(i as f64)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Float((*r.numer() as f64) / (*r.denom() as f64))),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Float(f)),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Float(c.re)),
+        arg => error!("cannot cast {arg} to float")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn complex(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Complex(Complex64::new(i as f64, 0.0))),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Complex(Complex64::new((*r.numer() as f64) / (*r.denom() as f64), 0.0))),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Complex(Complex64::new(f, 0.0))),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Complex(c)),
+        arg => error!("cannot cast {arg} to float")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn mat(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::List(l) => Ok(V::Matrix(Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()).into())),
+        V::Matrix(m) => Ok(V::Matrix(m)),
+        arg => error!("cannot cast {arg} to mat")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn numer(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Int(i)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Int(*r.numer())),
+        _ => error!("numer can only take a integer or ratio")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn denom(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) => Ok(V::Int(1)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Int(*r.denom())),
+        _ => error!("denom can only take a integer or ratio")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn re(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) | V::Float(_) => Ok(value),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Float(c.re)),
+        _ => error!("re can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn im(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) | V::Float(_ )=> Ok(V::Int(0)),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Float(c.im)),
+        _ => error!("re can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn cis(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value.floaty() {
+        Value::Float(f) => Ok(Value::Complex(Complex64::cis(f))),
+        Value::Complex(c) => Ok((Value::Complex(Complex64::cis(c.re)) *  Value::Float((-c.im).exp()))?),
+        _ => error!("cis can only take floats")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_finite(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) => Ok(V::Bool(true)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_finite())),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Bool(c.is_finite())),
+        _ => error!("is_finite can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_infinite(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) => Ok(V::Bool(false)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_infinite())),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Bool(c.is_infinite())),
+        _ => error!("is_infinite can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_nan(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) => Ok(V::Bool(false)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_nan())),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Bool(c.is_nan())),
+        _ => error!("is_nan can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_normal(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) => Ok(V::Bool(true)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_normal())),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Bool(c.is_normal())),
+        _ => error!("is_normal can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_subnormal(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(_) | V::Ratio(_) => Ok(V::Bool(false)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_subnormal())),
+        _ => error!("is_subnormal can only take subnormal")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_sign_positive(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Bool(i > 0)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Bool(*r.numer() > 0)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_sign_positive())),
+        _ => error!("is_sign_positive can only take a real number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_sign_negative(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Bool(i < 0)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Bool(*r.numer() < 0)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f.is_sign_negative())),
+        _ => error!("is_sign_negative can only take a real number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn is_zero(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    use Value as V;
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    match value {
+        V::Int(i) => Ok(V::Bool(i == 0)),
+        V::Ratio(r) => Ok(V::Bool(*r.numer() == 0 && *r.denom() != 0)),
+        V::Float(f) => Ok(V::Bool(f == 0.0)),
+        V::Complex(c) => Ok(V::Bool(c.re == 0.0 && c.im == 0.0)),
+        _ => error!("is_zero can only take a valid number")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn mat_joinh(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [l, r] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let (l, r) = match (l, r) {
+        (Value::List(l), Value::List(r)) => (Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()), Matrix::from_list(r.to_vec())),
+        (Value::List(l), Value::Matrix(r)) => (Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()), r.into_inner()),
+        (Value::Matrix(l), Value::List(r)) => (l.into_inner(), Matrix::from_list(r.to_vec())),
+        (Value::Matrix(l), Value::Matrix(r)) => (l.into_inner(), r.into_inner()),
+        _ => return error!("mat_joinh takes two matrices")
+    };
+    let mat = l.join_right(&r)?;
+    Ok(Value::Matrix(mat.into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn mat_joinv(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [l, r] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let (l, r) = match (l, r) {
+        (Value::List(l), Value::List(r)) => (Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()), Matrix::from_list(r.to_vec())),
+        (Value::List(l), Value::Matrix(r)) => (Matrix::from_list(l.to_vec()), r.into_inner()),
+        (Value::Matrix(l), Value::List(r)) => (l.into_inner(), Matrix::from_list(r.to_vec())),
+        (Value::Matrix(l), Value::Matrix(r)) => (l.into_inner(), r.into_inner()),
+        _ => return error!("mat_joinv takes two matrices")
+    };
+    let mat = l.join_bottom(&r)?;
+    Ok(Value::Matrix(mat.into()))
+}
+
+mathr!(floor);
+mathr!(ceil);
+mathr!(round);
+mathr!(trunc);
+trig!(sqrt);
+trig!(cbrt);
+trig!(ln);
+trig!(log2);
+trig!(log10);
+trig!(exp);
+trig!(exp2);
+trig!(sin);
+trig!(cos);
+trig!(tan);
+trig!(sinh);
+trig!(cosh);
+trig!(tanh);
+trig!(asin);
+trig!(acos);
+trig!(atan);
+trig!(asinh);
+trig!(acosh);
+trig!(atanh);
+trigf!(to_degrees, deg);
+trigf!(to_radians, rad);
+
+pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    vm.load_global_fn(trans(), "trans");
+    vm.load_global_fn(mat_ref(), "ref");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rref(), "rref");
+    vm.load_global_fn(det(), "det");
+    vm.load_global_fn(ident(), "ident");
+    vm.load_global_fn(inv(), "inv");
+    vm.load_global_fn(mat_joinh(), "mat_joinh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(mat_joinv(), "mat_joinv");
+
+    vm.load_global(Value::Float(PI), "pi");
+    vm.load_global(Value::Float(TAU), "tau");
+    vm.load_global(Value::Float(E), "e");
+    vm.load_global(Value::Float(NAN), "nan");
+    vm.load_global(Value::Float(NAN), "NaN");
+    vm.load_global(Value::Float(INFINITY), "inf");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(int(), "int");
+    vm.load_global_fn(ratio(), "ratio");
+    vm.load_global_fn(float(), "float");
+    vm.load_global_fn(complex(), "complex");
+    vm.load_global_fn(mat(), "mat");
+    vm.load_global_fn(abs(), "abs");
+    vm.load_global_fn(sign(), "sign");
+    vm.load_global_fn(floor(), "floor");
+    vm.load_global_fn(ceil(), "ceil");
+    vm.load_global_fn(round(), "round");
+    vm.load_global_fn(trunc(), "trunc");
+    vm.load_global_fn(fract(), "fract");
+    vm.load_global_fn(sqrt(), "sqrt");
+    vm.load_global_fn(cbrt(), "cbrt");
+    vm.load_global_fn(ln(), "ln");
+    vm.load_global_fn(log(), "log");
+    vm.load_global_fn(log2(), "log2");
+    vm.load_global_fn(log10(), "log10");
+    vm.load_global_fn(exp(), "exp");
+    vm.load_global_fn(exp2(), "exp2");
+    vm.load_global_fn(sin(), "sin");
+    vm.load_global_fn(cos(), "cos");
+    vm.load_global_fn(tan(), "tan");
+    vm.load_global_fn(sinh(), "sinh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(cosh(), "cosh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(tanh(), "tanh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(asin(), "asin");
+    vm.load_global_fn(acos(), "acos");
+    vm.load_global_fn(atan(), "atan");
+    vm.load_global_fn(asinh(), "asinh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(acosh(), "acosh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(atanh(), "atanh");
+    vm.load_global_fn(deg(), "deg");
+    vm.load_global_fn(rad(), "rad");
+    vm.load_global_fn(cis(), "cis");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(denom(), "denom");
+    vm.load_global_fn(numer(), "numer");
+    vm.load_global_fn(re(), "re");
+    vm.load_global_fn(im(), "im");
+
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_finite(), "is_finite");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_infinite(), "is_infinite");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_nan(), "is_nan");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_zero(), "is_zero");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_normal(), "is_normal");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_subnormal(), "is_subnormal");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_sign_negative(), "is_sign_negative");
+    vm.load_global_fn(is_sign_positive(), "is_sign_positive");
+}
diff --git a/matrix-std/src/sys.rs b/matrix-std/src/sys.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..609e72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/matrix-std/src/sys.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+use std::{process::{exit, Command, Stdio, Child}, env, rc::Rc, io::{Read, self}, cell::RefCell, fs::{File, self}, os::fd::FromRawFd, sync::OnceLock, path::PathBuf};
+
+use matrix_lang::prelude::*;
+use matrix_macros::native_func;
+use os_info::Info;
+use crate::{VmArgs, error, unpack_args};
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn sys_exit(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::Int(i) = value else {
+        return error!("exit requires a int exit code")
+    };
+    exit(i as i32);
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn argv(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::List(
+            Gc::new(
+                env::args()
+                .map(|a| Value::String(Rc::from(a.as_str())))
+                .collect()
+    )))
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn env(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(value) = value else {
+        return error!("env requires a string name")
+    };
+    match std::env::var(value.as_ref()) {
+        Ok(v) => Ok(Value::String(v.into())),
+        Err(e) => error!("couldn't read env var: {e}")
+    }
+}
+
+fn exec_impl(cmd: io::Result<Child>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let mut child = match cmd {
+        Ok(c) => c,
+        Err(e) => return error!("error executing command: {e}")
+    };
+    let status = match child.wait() {
+        Ok(s) => s,
+        Err(e) => return error!("error executing command: {e}")
+    };
+
+    let stdout = match child.stdout {
+        Some(ref mut out) => {
+            let mut buf = String::new();
+            let _ = out.read_to_string(&mut buf);
+            buf
+        },
+        None => String::new()
+    };
+
+    let stderr = match child.stderr {
+        Some(ref mut err) => {
+            let mut buf = String::new();
+            let _ = err.read_to_string(&mut buf);
+            buf
+        },
+        None => String::new()
+    };
+
+    let mut res = ValueMap::new();
+    res.insert(Value::from("success"), Value::Bool(status.success()))?;
+    res.insert(Value::from("code"), Value::Int(status.code().unwrap_or(0) as i64))?;
+    res.insert(Value::from("out"), Value::String(stdout.into()))?;
+    res.insert(Value::from("err"), Value::String(stderr.into()))?;
+
+    Ok(Value::Table(res.into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(2)]
+fn exec(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [cmd, args] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let (cmd, args) = match (cmd, args) {
+        (Value::String(s), Value::List(l)) => (s, l.into_inner()),
+        _ => return error!("exec requires a string cmd and string argument list")
+    };
+    let mut sargs = Vec::new();
+    for arg in args {
+        let Value::String(arg) = arg else {
+            return error!("exec requires a string cmd and string argument list")
+        };
+        sargs.push(arg.to_string());
+    };
+    let cmd = Command::new(cmd.to_string())
+        .args(sargs)
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn();
+
+    exec_impl(cmd)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn system(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [cmd] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(cmd) = cmd else {
+        return error!("system requires a full command argument string")
+    };
+    let sh = String::from("/bin/sh");
+    let args = vec!["-c".to_string(), cmd.to_string()];
+
+    let cmd = Command::new(sh)
+        .args(args)
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn();
+
+    exec_impl(cmd)
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn systemi(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [cmd] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(cmd) = cmd else {
+        return error!("systemi requires a full command argument string")
+    };
+    let sh = String::from("/bin/sh");
+    let args = vec!["-c".to_string(), cmd.to_string()];
+
+    let cmd = Command::new(sh)
+        .args(args)
+        .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+        .spawn();
+
+    exec_impl(cmd)
+}
+
+fn stdin() -> Value {
+    let f = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(0) };
+    Value::File(Rc::new(RefCell::new(f)))
+}
+
+fn stdout() -> Value {
+    let f = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(1) };
+    Value::File(Rc::new(RefCell::new(f)))
+}
+
+fn stderr() -> Value {
+    let f = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(2) };
+    Value::File(Rc::new(RefCell::new(f)))
+}
+
+const OS_INFO: OnceLock<Info> = OnceLock::new();
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn os_type(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::String(OS_INFO.get_or_init(|| os_info::get()).os_type().to_string().into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn os_version(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::String(OS_INFO.get_or_init(|| os_info::get()).version().to_string().into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn os_edition(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::String(OS_INFO.get_or_init(|| os_info::get()).edition().unwrap_or("Unknown").into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn os_bitness(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::String(OS_INFO.get_or_init(|| os_info::get()).bitness().to_string().into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn os_arch(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    Ok(Value::String(OS_INFO.get_or_init(|| os_info::get()).architecture().unwrap_or("Unknown").into()))
+}
+
+#[native_func(0)]
+fn cwd(_: VmArgs, _: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    match env::current_dir() {
+        Ok(v) => Ok(Value::String(v.into_os_string().into_string().unwrap_or(String::new()).into())),
+        Err(e) => error!("cant get cwd: {e}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn basename(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(value) = value else {
+        return error!("basename requires a string path")
+    };
+    let path = PathBuf::from(value.to_string());
+    match path.file_name() {
+        Some(p) => Ok(Value::String(p.to_str().unwrap().into())),
+        None => Ok(Value::String(value.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn dirname(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(value) = value else {
+        return error!("basename requires a string path")
+    };
+    let path = PathBuf::from(value.to_string());
+    let parent = match path.parent() {
+        Some(p) => p,
+        None => path.as_path()
+    };
+    let str = parent.as_os_str().to_str().unwrap();
+    match str {
+        "" => Ok(Value::String(".".into())),
+        s => Ok(Value::String(s.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_func(1)]
+fn realpath(_: VmArgs, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value> {
+    let [value] = unpack_args!(args);
+    let Value::String(value) = value else {
+        return error!("basename requires a string path")
+    };
+    let path = match fs::canonicalize(value.as_ref()) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => return error!("could not get realpath: {e}")
+    };
+    Ok(Value::String(path.to_str().unwrap().into()))
+}
+
+
+pub fn load(vm: &mut Vm) {
+    vm.load_global_fn(sys_exit(), "exit");
+    vm.load_global_fn(argv(), "argv");
+    vm.load_global_fn(exec(), "exec");
+    vm.load_global_fn(system(), "system");
+    vm.load_global_fn(systemi(), "systemi");
+    vm.load_global_fn(env(), "env");
+    vm.load_global(stdin(), "stdin");
+    vm.load_global(stdout(), "stdout");
+    vm.load_global(stderr(), "stderr");
+    vm.load_global_fn(os_type(), "os_type");
+    vm.load_global_fn(os_version(), "os_version");
+    vm.load_global_fn(os_edition(), "os_edition");
+    vm.load_global_fn(os_bitness(), "os_bitness");
+    vm.load_global_fn(os_arch(), "os_arch");
+    vm.load_global_fn(cwd(), "cwd");
+    vm.load_global_fn(basename(), "basename");
+    vm.load_global_fn(dirname(), "dirname");
+    vm.load_global_fn(realpath(), "realpath");
+}