ansii c

21 files changed, 547 insertions, 252 deletions

diff --git a/src/commands/cat.c b/src/commands/cat.c
index 8c15522..0495fe3 100644
--- a/src/commands/cat.c
+++ b/src/commands/cat.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static bool printable(char c) {
         case '\r': return true;
         case '\b': return true;
         case '\t': return true;
-        default: return isprint(c);
+        default: return isprint(c) == 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -110,22 +110,26 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 
 COMMAND(cat) {
 
+    int start;
+    int arg_len;
+    int i;
+
     flags.number_lines = false;
     flags.number_non_empty = false;
     flags.change_non_print = false;
     flags.change_tabs = false;
     flags.end_lines_dollar = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
-    int arg_len = argc - start;
+    arg_len = argc - start;
 
     if (arg_len < 1) {
         cat_file(stdin);
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         FILE* in = get_file(argv[i], "r");
         cat_file(in);
         if (in != stdin)
diff --git a/src/commands/cp.c b/src/commands/cp.c
index 37e3354..df88155 100644
--- a/src/commands/cp.c
+++ b/src/commands/cp.c
@@ -50,16 +50,18 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 }
 
 static bool copy_file(char* from, char* to) {
-    FILE* from_f = get_file_s(from, "r");
+    #define BS 1024
+    
+    FILE *from_f, *to_f;
+    char buf[BS];
+    int read;
+
+    from_f = get_file_s(from, "r");
     if (from_f == NULL) { return false; }
 
-    FILE* to_f = get_file_s(to, "w");
+    to_f = get_file_s(to, "w");
     if (to_f == NULL) { fclose(from_f); return false; }
 
-    #define BS 1024
-
-    char buf[BS];
-    int read;
 
     while ((read = fread(buf, 1, BS, from_f)) > 0) {
         fwrite(buf, 1, read, to_f);
@@ -123,6 +125,10 @@ static void run_copy(struct stat* s) {
 static void cp_file(char* path);
     
 static void cp_directory(struct stat* s) {
+    
+    DIR* d;
+    struct dirent* file;
+
     if (!flags.recurse) {
         error_s("-r not specified; omitting directory '%s'", get_path_buffer());
         return;
@@ -133,14 +139,13 @@ static void cp_directory(struct stat* s) {
         return;
     }
 
-    DIR* d = opendir(get_path_buffer());
+    d = opendir(get_path_buffer());
 
     if (d == NULL) {
         error_s("cannot open directory '%s': %s", get_path_buffer(), strerror(errno));
         return;
     }
 
-    struct dirent* file;
     while ((file = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
         if (is_dot_dir(file->d_name)) continue;
         cp_file(file->d_name);
@@ -148,10 +153,11 @@ static void cp_directory(struct stat* s) {
 }
 
 static char* get_file_name(char* path) {
-    if (path[0] == '\0') return path;
-    
     int last = 0;
     int i = 0;
+    
+    if (path[0] == '\0') return path;
+    
     while (true) {
         if (path[i+1] == '\0') break;
         if (path[i] == '/') {
@@ -188,19 +194,22 @@ static void cp_file(char* path) {
 
 COMMAND(cp) {
 
+    int start, i;
+    struct stat s;
+
     flags.hard_link = false;
     flags.sym_link = false;
     flags.preserve = false;
     flags.recurse = false;
     flags.verbose = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
     if (argc - start < 2) {
         global_help(help);
     }
 
-    // only when 2 args and first is a file, the 2nd will be a file
+    /* only when 2 args and first is a file, the 2nd will be a file */
     if (argc - start == 2) {
         struct stat s;
         if (lstat(argv[start], &s) < 0) {
@@ -216,15 +225,14 @@ COMMAND(cp) {
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
  
-    // push directory
+    /* push directory */
     push_path_buffer_2(argv[argc-1]);
 
-    struct stat s;
     if (lstat(get_path_buffer_2(), &s) < 0) {
         error("target: '%s': %s", get_path_buffer_2(), strerror(errno));
     }
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc - 1; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc - 1; i++) {
         cp_file(argv[i]);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/dd.c b/src/commands/dd.c
index 78f6041..1387317 100644
--- a/src/commands/dd.c
+++ b/src/commands/dd.c
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@ COMMAND(dd) {
     FILE* out_file = stdout;
     int bs = 1024;
     int count = -1;
+    int i;
+    char* buffer;
+    size_t read;
 
     parse_help(argc, argv, help);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
         if (prefix("if=", argv[i])) {
             char* path = argv[i] + 3;
             in_file = get_file(path, "rb");
@@ -42,8 +45,8 @@ COMMAND(dd) {
         }
     }
  
-    char* buffer = malloc(bs);
-    size_t read;
+    buffer = malloc(bs);
+    
     while ((read = fread(buffer, 1, bs, in_file)) != 0) {
         fwrite(buffer, 1, read, out_file);
         if (--count, count == 0) break;
diff --git a/src/commands/echo.c b/src/commands/echo.c
index 8b39531..fe70a6a 100644
--- a/src/commands/echo.c
+++ b/src/commands/echo.c
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ static struct {
 static void print_with_escape_codes(const char* str) {
     
     size_t index = 0;
+    char n;
+
     while (true) {
         char c = str[index];
         index++;
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ static void print_with_escape_codes(const char* str) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        char n = str[index];
+        n = str[index];
         index++;
 
         switch (n) {
@@ -71,6 +73,8 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 
 COMMAND(echo) {
 
+    int start, i;
+
     if (argc < 1) {
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
@@ -78,9 +82,9 @@ COMMAND(echo) {
     flags.escape_codes = false;
     flags.newline = true;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, NULL, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, NULL, short_arg, NULL);
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
          if (flags.escape_codes) {
             print_with_escape_codes(argv[i]);
         } else {
diff --git a/src/commands/ed.c b/src/commands/ed.c
index 379da3c..d7e8881 100644
--- a/src/commands/ed.c
+++ b/src/commands/ed.c
@@ -66,14 +66,17 @@ static bool read_regex(char** end, re_t* regex, enum RegexDirection dir) {
 
 static bool parse_regex(char** end, struct LineAddress* address, enum RegexDirection dir) {
     re_t regex;
+    unsigned long cap, siz, i, until;
+    long int* buf;
+
     if (!read_regex(end, &regex, dir)) return false;
 
-    unsigned long cap = 8;
-    unsigned long siz = 0;
-    long int* buf = malloc(cap * sizeof(long int));
+    cap = 8;
+    siz = 0;
+    buf = malloc(cap * sizeof(long int));
 
-    unsigned long i = (dir == ALL ? 0 : line_current);
-    unsigned long until = (dir == BEFORE ? 0 : line_count - 1);
+    i = (dir == ALL ? 0 : line_current);
+    until = (dir == BEFORE ? 0 : line_count - 1);
     for (; (dir == BEFORE ? i >= until : i < until); dir == BEFORE ? i-- : i++) {
         int len;
         if (re_matchp(regex, lines[i], &len) == -1) {
@@ -112,28 +115,34 @@ static void expand_buffer(long int** buf, unsigned long* cap, unsigned long* siz
 
 static bool parse_regex_lines(char** end, struct LineAddress* address) {
     re_t regex;
+    unsigned long cap, siz;
+    long int* buf;
+    int len;
+    struct LineAddress addr;
+
     if (!read_regex(end, &regex, ALL)) return false;
 
-    unsigned long cap = 8;
-    unsigned long siz = 0;
-    long int* buf = malloc(cap * sizeof(long int));
-    int len;
+    cap = 8;
+    siz = 0;
+    buf = malloc(cap * sizeof(long int));
 
-    struct LineAddress addr = *address;
+    addr = *address;
     if (addr.type == INDEX) {
         if (re_matchp(regex, lines[addr.data.index.i], &len) != -1) {
             buf[0] = addr.data.index.i;
             siz = 1;
         }
     } else if (addr.type == RANGE) {
-        for (long int i = addr.data.range.a; i < addr.data.range.b; i++) {
+        long int i;
+        for (i = addr.data.range.a; i < addr.data.range.b; i++) {
             if (re_matchp(regex, lines[i], &len) == -1) continue;
             expand_buffer(&buf, &cap, &siz);
             buf[siz] = i;
             siz++;
         }
     } else if (addr.type == SET) {
-        for (unsigned long i = 0; i < addr.data.set.s; i++) {
+        unsigned long i;
+        for (i = 0; i < addr.data.set.s; i++) {
             if (re_matchp(regex, lines[addr.data.set.b[i]], &len) == -1) continue;
             expand_buffer(&buf, &cap, &siz);
             buf[siz] = addr.data.set.b[i];
@@ -153,6 +162,11 @@ static bool parse_regex_lines(char** end, struct LineAddress* address) {
 static bool read_address(char** command, bool whitespace, struct LineAddress* a) {
     char* index = *command;
     struct LineAddress address;
+
+    char* end_pre;
+    long int n_pre;
+    char pre;
+
     memset(&address, 0, sizeof(struct LineAddress));
     
     address.empty = false;
@@ -164,8 +178,7 @@ static bool read_address(char** command, bool whitespace, struct LineAddress* a)
         return true;
     }
 
-    char* end_pre;
-    long int n_pre = strtol(index, &end_pre, 10) - 1;
+    n_pre = strtol(index, &end_pre, 10) - 1;
     if (end_pre == index) {
         n_pre = -1;
     } else {
@@ -176,7 +189,7 @@ static bool read_address(char** command, bool whitespace, struct LineAddress* a)
         index = end_pre;
     }
     
-    char pre = *(index++);
+    pre = *(index++);
     switch (pre) {
         case '.':
             address.type = INDEX;
@@ -188,28 +201,37 @@ static bool read_address(char** command, bool whitespace, struct LineAddress* a)
             break;
         case '-':
         case '^': {
-            address.type = INDEX;
             char* end;
-            long int n = strtol(index, &end, 10) - 1;
+            long int n;
+
+            address.type = INDEX;
+            n = strtol(index, &end, 10) - 1;
+
             if (n < 0) {
                 error_s("input cannot be negative\n");
                 return false;
             }
+
             if (index == end) {
                 address.data.index.i = line_current - 1;
             } else {
                 address.data.index.i = line_current - n;
             }
+
             if (address.data.index.i < 0) {
                 error_s("line number %ld does not exist\n", address.data.index.i + 1);
                 return false;
             }
+
             break;
         }
         case '+': {
-            address.type = INDEX;
             char* end;
-            long int n = strtol(index, &end, 10) - 1;
+            long int n;
+
+            address.type = INDEX;
+            n = strtol(index, &end, 10) - 1;
+
             if (n < 0) {
                 error_s("input cannot be negative\n");
                 return false;
@@ -268,7 +290,8 @@ static bool read_address(char** command, bool whitespace, struct LineAddress* a)
 
 static void free_data(bool all) {
     if (lines != NULL) {
-        for (unsigned long i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
+        unsigned long i;
+        for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
             free(lines[i]);
         }
         free(lines);
@@ -321,11 +344,11 @@ int ed_getline(char *buf, size_t size) {
     size_t i = 0;
     int ch;
     clearerr(stdin);
-    while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF) {  // Read until EOF ...
+    while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF) {  /* Read until EOF ... */
         if (i + 1 < size) {
             buf[i++] = ch;
         }
-        if (ch == '\n') {  // ... or end of line
+        if (ch == '\n') {  /* ... or end of line */
             break;  
         }
     } 
@@ -346,6 +369,8 @@ static void load_file(FILE* file) {
 }
 
 static bool check_if_sure(char* prompt) {
+    char buf[INPUT_LEN];
+
     if (!pending_writes) {
         return true;
     }
@@ -353,7 +378,6 @@ static bool check_if_sure(char* prompt) {
     printf("%s", prompt);
     fflush(stdout);
 
-    char buf[INPUT_LEN];
     if (ed_getline(buf, INPUT_LEN) == EOF) {
         putchar('\n');
         return false;
@@ -387,9 +411,12 @@ static void append_lines(unsigned long index, char** new, unsigned long new_len)
 }
 
 static void delete_lines(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) {
+    unsigned long i;
+
     if (b < a) return;
     pending_writes = true;
-    for (unsigned long i = a; i <= b; i++) {
+    
+    for (i = a; i <= b; i++) {
         free(lines[i]);
     }
     if (b == line_count - 1) {
@@ -403,20 +430,25 @@ static void delete_lines(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) {
 }
 
 static bool handle_append(struct LineAddress* address) {
+    char** buf;
+    unsigned long cap, size;
+
     if (address->type != INDEX) {
         error_s("append command requires index addressing\n");
         return false;
     }
+    
     if (line_count == 0) {
         address->data.index.i = -1;
     }
-    char** buf;
-    unsigned long cap, size;
+    
     get_input(stdin, &buf, &cap, &size);
+    
     if (size > 0) {
         append_lines(address->data.index.i + 1, buf, size);
         printf("ed: appened %lu lines\n", size);
     }
+    
     line_current += size;
     free(buf);
     return true;
@@ -427,6 +459,7 @@ static bool handle_delete(struct LineAddress* address) {
         error_s("line number %ld does not exist\n", address->data.index.i + 1);
         return false;
     }
+
     if (address->type == INDEX) {
         delete_lines(address->data.index.i, address->data.index.i);
         output("deleted line %ld\n", address->data.index.i+1);
@@ -434,16 +467,19 @@ static bool handle_delete(struct LineAddress* address) {
         delete_lines(address->data.range.a, address->data.range.b);
         output("deleted lines %ld-%ld\n", address->data.range.a+1, address->data.range.b+1);
     } else if (address->type == SET) {
-        for (unsigned long i = 0; i < address->data.set.s; i++) {
+        unsigned long i;
+        for (i = 0; i < address->data.set.s; i++) {
             delete_lines(address->data.set.b[i], address->data.set.b[i]);
         }
         output("deleted %lu lines\n", address->data.set.s);
     }
+    
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool get_file_name(char** filename) {
     size_t len = strlen(*filename);
+
     if (len < 1 || (len == 1 && **filename == '\n')) {
         if (default_filename == NULL) {
             error_s("no default filename specified\n");
@@ -467,16 +503,23 @@ static bool get_file_name(char** filename) {
 }
 
 static void write_file(char* filename, struct LineAddress* address, char* type) {
+    FILE* file;
+    int wrote;
+
     if (line_count < 1) {
         error_s("cannot write empty file\n");
         return;
     }
+    
     if (!get_file_name(&filename)) return;
-    FILE* file = get_file_s(filename, type);
+    file = get_file_s(filename, type);
     if (file == NULL) return;
-    int wrote = 0;
+    
+    wrote = 0;
+    
     if (address->empty) {
-        for (unsigned long i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
+        unsigned long i;
+        for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
             fprintf(file, "%s", lines[i]); 
             wrote++;
         }
@@ -485,30 +528,38 @@ static void write_file(char* filename, struct LineAddress* address, char* type)
         fprintf(file, "%s", lines[i]); 
         wrote++;
     } else if (address->type == RANGE) {
-        for (long int i = address->data.range.a; i < address->data.range.b; i++) {
+        long int i;
+        for (i = address->data.range.a; i < address->data.range.b; i++) {
             fprintf(file, "%s", lines[i]); 
             wrote++;
         }
     } else if (address->type == SET) {
-        for (unsigned long i = 0; i < address->data.set.s; i++) {
+        unsigned long i;
+        for (i = 0; i < address->data.set.s; i++) {
             fprintf(file, "%s", lines[address->data.set.b[i]]);
             wrote++;
         }
     }
+
     pending_writes = false;
     fclose(file);
     output("wrote %d lines from %s\n", wrote, filename);
 }
 
 static void read_file(char* filename) {
+    FILE* file;
+    char** buf;
+    long int line;
+    unsigned long capacity, size;
+
     if (!get_file_name(&filename)) return;
-    FILE* file = get_file_s(filename, "r");
+    file = get_file_s(filename, "r");
     if (file == NULL) return;
 
-    unsigned long capacty = 8;
-    unsigned long size = 0;
-    char** buf = malloc(capacty * sizeof(char*));
-    get_input(file, &buf, &capacty, &size);
+    capacity = 8;
+    size = 0;
+    buf = malloc(capacity * sizeof(char*));
+    get_input(file, &buf, &capacity, &size);
 
     if (size < 1) {
         free(buf);
@@ -516,10 +567,11 @@ static void read_file(char* filename) {
         return;
     }
 
-    long int line = -1;
+    line = -1;
     if (line_count > 0) {
         line = line_count - 1;
     }
+
     append_lines(line, buf, size);
     free(buf);
     output("read and appended %lu lines from %s\n", size, filename);
@@ -539,24 +591,31 @@ static int substute_string(long int index, long int matches, re_t regex, char* s
     int capacity = 8;
     int size = 0;
     char* buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * capacity);
+    long int left;
 
     int offset = 0;
     int matches_found = 0;
     while(true) {
+        int distance, len;
+        
         if (lines[index][offset] == '\0') break;
+        
         if (matches_found >= matches && matches > 0) break;
-        int distance, len;
+        
         if ((distance = re_matchp(regex, &lines[index][offset], &len)) == -1) {
             break;
         }
-        if (distance > 0)
+        
+        if (distance > 0) {
             expand_string(&buf, &capacity, &size, &lines[index][offset], distance);
+        }
+
         expand_string(&buf, &capacity, &size, sub, sub_len);
         offset += len + distance;
         matches_found++;
     }
 
-    long int left = strlen(lines[index] + offset);
+    left = strlen(lines[index] + offset);
     expand_string(&buf, &capacity, &size, &lines[index][offset], left + 1);
 
     free(lines[index]);
@@ -565,41 +624,50 @@ static int substute_string(long int index, long int matches, re_t regex, char* s
 }
 
 static void prompt(void) {
+    char buf[INPUT_LEN];
+    char* index;
+    char cmd;
+    bool whitespace, linenumbers;
+    struct LineAddress address;
+    
     printf(": ");
     fflush(stdout);
 
-    char buf[INPUT_LEN];
     if (ed_getline(buf, INPUT_LEN) == EOF) { putchar('\n'); return; }
     if (buf[0] == '\0') { putchar('\n'); return; }
 
-    char* index = &buf[0];
-    bool whitespace = skip_whitespace(&index);
+    index = &buf[0];
+    whitespace = skip_whitespace(&index);
 
-    struct LineAddress address;
     if (!read_address(&index, whitespace, &address)) return;
 
-    char cmd = *(index++);
+    cmd = *(index++);
     
     if (cmd == ',') {
+        struct LineAddress address2;
+        
         if (address.type != INDEX) {
             error_s("comma range addressing requires two index addresses\n");
             free_address(address);
             return;
         }
-        struct LineAddress address2;
+        
         whitespace = skip_whitespace(&index);
+        
         if (!read_address(&index, whitespace, &address2)) {
             free_address(address);
             return;
         }
+        
         if (address2.type != INDEX) {
             error_s("comma range addressing requires two index addresses\n");
             free_address(address);
             free_address(address2);
             return;
         }
+        
         address.type = RANGE;
-        address.data.range.a = address.data.index.i; // cursed
+        address.data.range.a = address.data.index.i; /* cursed */
         address.data.range.b = address2.data.index.i;
 
         cmd = *(index++);
@@ -611,7 +679,8 @@ static void prompt(void) {
         return;
     }
 
-    bool linenumbers = false;
+    linenumbers = false;
+
 test:
     switch (cmd) {
         case '\0':
@@ -663,12 +732,14 @@ test:
                 if (linenumbers) printf("%ld\t", address.data.index.i + 1);
                 printf("%s", lines[address.data.index.i]);
             } else if (address.type == RANGE) {
-                for (long int i = address.data.range.a; i <= address.data.range.b; i++) {
+                long int i;
+                for (i = address.data.range.a; i <= address.data.range.b; i++) {
                     if (linenumbers) printf("%ld\t", i + 1);
                     printf("%s", lines[i]);
                 }
             } else if (address.type == SET) {
-                for (unsigned long i = 0; i < address.data.set.s; i++) {
+                unsigned long i;
+                for (i = 0; i < address.data.set.s; i++) {
                     if (linenumbers) printf("%ld\t", address.data.set.b[i] +1);
                     printf("%s", lines[address.data.set.b[i]]);
                 }
@@ -698,14 +769,17 @@ test:
             }
             goto test;
             break;
-        case 's':
+        case 's': {
+            char* replace = index;
+            long int matches, sub_len, matches_found;
+            unsigned long i;
+            
             skip_whitespace(&index);
             if (*(index++) != '/') {
                 error_s("unexpected character at start of regex\n");
                 break;
             }
             if (!parse_regex_lines(&index, &address)) { return; }
-            char* replace = index;
             while(*index != '\0' && *index != '/') index++;
             if (*index != '/') {
                 error_s("/ missing after %c\n", *index);
@@ -716,7 +790,6 @@ test:
                 break;
             }
             *(index++) = '\0';
-            long int matches;
             if (*index == '\0' || *index == '\n') {
                 matches = 1;
             } else if (*index == 'g') {
@@ -733,15 +806,16 @@ test:
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            long int sub_len = strlen(replace);
-            long int matches_found = 0;
+            sub_len = strlen(replace);
+            matches_found = 0;
             
-            for (unsigned long i = 0; i < address.data.set.s; i++) {
+            for (i = 0; i < address.data.set.s; i++) {
                 matches_found += substute_string(address.data.set.b[i], matches, last_regex, replace, sub_len);
             }
             output("replaced %ld matches over %ld lines\n", matches_found, address.data.set.s);
             pending_writes = true;
             break;
+        }
         case 'w': {
             bool quit = false;
             if (*index == 'q') {
@@ -766,11 +840,17 @@ test:
             if (!check_if_sure("Load new file for sure? ")) break;
             __attribute__((fallthrough));
         case 'E': {
+            char* filename;
+            FILE* file;
+
             skip_whitespace(&index);
-            char* filename = index;
+            
+            filename = index;
             if(!get_file_name(&filename)) break;
-            FILE* file = get_file_s(filename, "r");
+            
+            file = get_file_s(filename, "r");
             if (file == NULL) break;
+            
             load_file(file);
             break;
         }
diff --git a/src/commands/grep.c b/src/commands/grep.c
index ffa1a41..4062734 100644
--- a/src/commands/grep.c
+++ b/src/commands/grep.c
@@ -92,10 +92,11 @@ static bool match_literal(char** string, char* pattern) {
     char* match = *string;
     size_t match_len = strlen(match);
     size_t pattern_len = strlen(pattern);
+    size_t i;
 
     if (match_len < pattern_len) return false;
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < match_len - pattern_len + 1; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < match_len - pattern_len + 1; i++) {
         if (
             (!flags.ignore_case && strncmp(match + i, pattern, pattern_len) == 0) ||
             (flags.ignore_case && strncasecmp(match + i, pattern, pattern_len) == 0)
@@ -122,17 +123,18 @@ static bool match(char** string, void* pattern) {
 }
 
 static bool match_any(char* path, void* pattern) {
-    FILE* file = get_file_s(path, "r");
-    if (file == NULL) return false;
-
+    FILE* file;
     char* buf = NULL;
     size_t offset;
     bool matched = false;
-
     int read;
+    
+    file = get_file_s(path, "r");
+    if (file == NULL) return false;
+
     while ((read = getline(&buf, &offset, file)) > 0) {
-        if (buf[read-1] == '\n') buf[read-1] = '\0';
         char* save = buf;
+        if (buf[read-1] == '\n') buf[read-1] = '\0';
         if (match(&save, pattern)) {
             matched = true;
             break;
@@ -145,31 +147,39 @@ static bool match_any(char* path, void* pattern) {
 }
 
 static bool match_file(char* path, void* pattern, bool many) {
-    FILE* file = get_file_s(path, "r");
-    if (file == NULL) return false;
-
-    int num_matched = 0;
-    int line_num = 0;
+    FILE* file;
     char* buf = NULL;
     size_t offset;
-
+    int num_matched = 0;
+    int line_num = 0;
     int read;
+
+    file = get_file_s(path, "r");
+    if (file == NULL) return false;
+
     while((read = getline(&buf, &offset, file)) > 0) {
-        if (buf[read-1] == '\n') buf[read-1] = '\0';
         char* matched = buf;
+        
+        if (buf[read-1] == '\n') buf[read-1] = '\0';
         line_num++;
-         if (!match(&matched, pattern)) {
+        
+        if (!match(&matched, pattern)) {
             continue;
         }
+        
         num_matched++;
+        
         if (flags.only_line_count || flags.quiet) continue;
+        
         if ((many || flags.filename_prefix) && !flags.never_file_prefix) {
             print_file_path(path);
             putchar(':');
         }
+        
         if (flags.line_number) {
             printf("%d:", line_num);
         }
+        
         if (flags.only_matching_part) {
             printf("%s\n", matched);
         } else {
@@ -215,6 +225,11 @@ static bool run_match(char* path, void* pattern, bool many) {
 
 COMMAND(grep) {
 
+    int start, i;
+    char* pattern;
+    bool many, ok;
+    void* compiled;
+
     flags.only_matching_part = false;
     flags.only_non_matching_names = false;
     flags.only_matching_names = false;
@@ -226,19 +241,19 @@ COMMAND(grep) {
     flags.filename_prefix = false;
     flags.inverse = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
     if (argc - start < 1) global_help(help);
 
-    char* pattern = argv[start++];
+    pattern = argv[start++];
         
-    bool many = argc - start > 0;
-    bool ok = false;
+    many = argc - start > 0;
+    ok = false;
 
-    void* compiled = compile(pattern);
+    compiled = compile(pattern);
     if (run_match("-", compiled, many)) ok = true;
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         if (run_match(argv[i], compiled, many)) ok = true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/groups.c b/src/commands/groups.c
index 763f294..bd2e5f9 100644
--- a/src/commands/groups.c
+++ b/src/commands/groups.c
@@ -5,27 +5,38 @@
 
 COMMAND_EMPTY(groups) {
 
-    uid_t uid = getuid();
+    uid_t uid;
+    int ngroups, i;
+    gid_t* groups;
+    struct passwd* pw;
+
+    uid = getuid();
     
-    struct passwd* pw = getpwuid(uid);
+    pw = getpwuid(uid);
     if(pw == NULL){
         error("failed to fetch groups: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
     
-    int ngroups = 0;
+    ngroups = 0;
     getgrouplist(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid, NULL, &ngroups);
     
-    gid_t groups[ngroups];
+    groups = malloc(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups);
     getgrouplist(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid, groups, &ngroups);
-    
-    for (int i = 0; i < ngroups; i++){
+   
+    for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++){
         struct group* gr = getgrgid(groups[i]);
-        if(gr == NULL){
+
+        if(gr == NULL) {
+            free(groups);
             error("failed to fetch groups: %s", strerror(errno));
         }
+
         printf("%s ",gr->gr_name);
     }
+
     printf("\n");
 
+    free(groups);
+
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/src/commands/head.c b/src/commands/head.c
index c09dc9a..da8b9b3 100644
--- a/src/commands/head.c
+++ b/src/commands/head.c
@@ -66,22 +66,32 @@ static void head_file(char* path, bool many) {
 static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
     switch(c) {
         case 'c': {
+            long int bkm;
+
             flags.lines = false;
+            
             check_arg(next);
-            long int bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            
             if (bkm < 1) {
                 error("bkm cannot be less than 1");
             }
+            
             flags.count = bkm;
             return ARG_USED;
         }
         case 'n': {
+            long int bkm;
+
             flags.lines = true;
+            
             check_arg(next);
-            long int bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            
             if (bkm < 1) {
                 error("bkm cannot be less than 1");
             }
+            
             flags.count = bkm;
             return ARG_USED;
         }
@@ -98,14 +108,17 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(head) {
+
+    int start, count, i;
+
     flags.count = 10;
     flags.lines = true;
     flags.print_headers = false;
     flags.dont_print_headers = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
-    int count = argc - start;
+    count = argc - start;
 
     if (count < 1) {
         head_file_lines(stdin);
@@ -116,8 +129,8 @@ COMMAND(head) {
         head_file(argv[start], false);
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         head_file(argv[start + i], true);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/id.c b/src/commands/id.c
index 4bd7bca..3bef4f6 100644
--- a/src/commands/id.c
+++ b/src/commands/id.c
@@ -4,22 +4,28 @@
 #include <pwd.h>
 
 COMMAND_EMPTY(user_id) {
+    
+    uid_t uid;
+    gid_t gid, *groups;
+    int ngroups, i;
+    struct passwd* pw;
+    struct group* ugr;
 
-    uid_t uid = getuid();
-    gid_t gid = getgid();
+    uid = getuid();
+    gid = getgid();
     
-    struct passwd* pw = getpwuid(uid);
+    pw = getpwuid(uid);
     if(pw == NULL){
         error("failed to fetch groups: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
     
-    int ngroups = 0;
+    ngroups = 0;
     getgrouplist(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid, NULL, &ngroups);
     
-    gid_t groups[ngroups];
+    groups = malloc(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups);
     getgrouplist(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid, groups, &ngroups);
    
-    struct group* ugr = getgrgid(gid);
+    ugr = getgrgid(gid);
     printf("uid=%d(%s) gid=%d(%s) ",
            uid, ugr->gr_name, gid, ugr->gr_name);
     
@@ -27,15 +33,21 @@ COMMAND_EMPTY(user_id) {
         printf("groups=");
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < ngroups; i++){
+    for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++){
         struct group* gr = getgrgid(groups[i]);
-        if(gr == NULL){
+        if(gr == NULL) {
+            free(groups);
             error("failed to fetch groups: %s", strerror(errno));
         }
+        
         printf("%d(%s)", gr->gr_gid, gr->gr_name);
+        
         if (i + 1 < ngroups) putchar(',');
     }
+
     printf("\b\n");
 
+    free(groups);
+
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/src/commands/ls.c b/src/commands/ls.c
index a5c60d2..e8d58d0 100644
--- a/src/commands/ls.c
+++ b/src/commands/ls.c
@@ -65,13 +65,18 @@ static DIR* get_directory(char* path) {
 
 static bool get_file_info(const char* file_name, struct FileInfo* info) {
 
-    uid_t uid = getuid();
-    gid_t gid = getgid();
-
+    uid_t uid;
+    gid_t gid;
+    int save, ty;
     struct stat s;
+    size_t file_len;
+
+    uid = getuid();
+    gid = getgid();
+
     memset(&s, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
 
-    int save = push_path_buffer(file_name);
+    save = push_path_buffer(file_name);
 
     if (lstat(get_path_buffer(), &s) < 0) {
         error_s("failed to read file '%s': %s\n", get_path_buffer(), strerror(errno));
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ static bool get_file_info(const char* file_name, struct FileInfo* info) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    int ty = (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) >> 12;
+    ty = (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) >> 12;
     
     info->set_uid = false;
     info->set_gid = false;
@@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ static bool get_file_info(const char* file_name, struct FileInfo* info) {
     info->links = s.st_nlink;
     info->type = ty;
 
-    size_t file_len = strlen(file_name) + 1;
+    file_len = strlen(file_name) + 1;
     info->name = malloc(file_len);
     memcpy(info->name, file_name, file_len);
 
@@ -217,13 +222,16 @@ static char* get_file_color(struct FileInfo* info) {
 
 static void list_files(struct FileInfo* files, int file_len, struct FileListInfo info) {
     
+    struct winsize w;
+    char* color;
+    int column_width, row_count, i;
+
     if (flags.more_info) {
         char total[13];
         print_file_size(info.total_size, total);
         printf("total %s\n", total);
     }
 
-    struct winsize w;
     ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
 
     if (!isatty(1)) {
@@ -232,11 +240,10 @@ static void list_files(struct FileInfo* files, int file_len, struct FileListInfo
             flags.colored = NO;
     }
 
-    char* color;
-    const int column_width = info.max_name + 1;
-    const int row_count = w.ws_col / column_width;
+    column_width = info.max_name + 1;
+    row_count = w.ws_col / column_width;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < file_len; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < file_len; i++) {
         struct FileInfo finfo = files[i];
         color = get_file_color(&finfo);
         if (flags.more_info) {
@@ -305,25 +312,28 @@ static void push_file(
     const char* file_path 
 ) {
     struct FileInfo finfo;
+    int user_len, group_len, name_len, size_len, link_len;
+
     if (!get_file_info(file_path, &finfo)) return;
 
     if (*size == *capacity) {
         *capacity *= 2;
         *files = realloc(*files, sizeof(struct FileInfo) * *capacity);
     }
-    int user_len = strlen(finfo.usr->pw_name);
+    
+    user_len = strlen(finfo.usr->pw_name);
     if (user_len > info->max_usr) info->max_usr = user_len;
 
-    int group_len = strlen(finfo.grp->gr_name);
+    group_len = strlen(finfo.grp->gr_name);
     if (group_len > info->max_grp) info->max_grp = group_len;
 
-    int name_len = strlen(file_path);
+    name_len = strlen(file_path);
     if (name_len > info->max_name) info->max_name = name_len;
 
-    int size_len = strlen(finfo.size);
+    size_len = strlen(finfo.size);
     if (size_len > info->max_size) info->max_size = size_len;
 
-    int link_len = num_places(finfo.links);
+    link_len = num_places(finfo.links);
     if (link_len > info->max_link) info->max_link = link_len;
 
     info->total_len += name_len + 2;
@@ -335,18 +345,22 @@ static void push_file(
 
 static void recurse_directory(char* dir_name) {
     DIR* d;
+    int capacity, size, save;
     struct dirent* file;
-    int save = push_path_buffer(dir_name);
+    struct FileInfo* files;
+    struct FileListInfo info;
+
+    save = push_path_buffer(dir_name);
 
     d = get_directory(get_path_buffer());
     if (d == NULL) {
         return;
     }
 
-    int capacity = 8;
-    int size = 0;
-    struct FileInfo* files = malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo) * capacity);
-    struct FileListInfo info;
+    capacity = 8;
+    size = 0;
+    
+    files = malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo) * capacity);
     memset(&info, 0, sizeof(struct FileListInfo));
 
     while((file = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
@@ -360,10 +374,11 @@ static void recurse_directory(char* dir_name) {
     }
 
 
-    if (flags.colored == NO)
+    if (flags.colored == NO) {
         printf("\n%s:\n", get_path_buffer());
-    else
+    } else {
         printf("\n%s%s:%s\n", DIR_COLOR, get_path_buffer(), FILE_COLOR);
+    }
 
     list_files(files, size, info);
 
@@ -377,23 +392,29 @@ static void recurse_directory(char* dir_name) {
 }
 
 static void list_directory(char* path) {
+
+    DIR* d;
+    int capacity, size, save;
+    struct FileInfo* files;
+    struct FileListInfo info;
+    struct dirent* file;
+
     if (flags.recurse) {
         recurse_directory(path);
         return;
     }
 
-    DIR* d = get_directory(path);
+    d = get_directory(path);
     if (d == NULL) return;
 
-    int save = push_path_buffer(path);
+    save = push_path_buffer(path);
 
-    int capacity = 8;
-    int size = 0;
-    struct FileInfo* files = malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo) * capacity);
-    struct FileListInfo info;
+    capacity = 8;
+    size = 0;
+    
+    files = malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo) * capacity);
     memset(&info, 0, sizeof(struct FileListInfo));
     
-    struct dirent* file;
     while ((file = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
         if (!flags.hidden && prefix(".", file->d_name)) continue;
         if (flags.hide_dot && is_dot_dir(file->d_name)) continue;
@@ -415,15 +436,20 @@ static bool is_dir(const char* path) {
 }
 
 static void list_file_args(int start, int argc, char** argv) {
-    int capacity = 8;
-    int size = 0;
-    struct FileInfo* files = malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo) * capacity);
+
+    int capacity, size, i;
+    struct FileInfo* files;
     struct FileListInfo info;
+
+    capacity = 8;
+    size = 0;
+    
+    files = malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo) * capacity);
     memset(&info, 0, sizeof(struct FileListInfo));
     
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         if (is_dir(argv[i])) continue;
-        push_file((struct FileInfo**) &files, &info, &size, &capacity, argv[i]);
+        push_file(&files, &info, &size, &capacity, argv[i]);
     }
     
     if (size > 0) list_files(files, size, info);
@@ -487,6 +513,9 @@ static int long_arg(char* cur, char* next) {
 
 COMMAND(ls) {
 
+    int start, i;
+    bool titled;
+
     flags.hidden = false;
     flags.more_info = false;
     flags.hide_dot = false;
@@ -494,7 +523,7 @@ COMMAND(ls) {
     flags.recurse = false;
     flags.colored = NO;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, long_arg);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, long_arg);
 
     if (argc - start == 0) {
         list_directory(".");
@@ -503,15 +532,19 @@ COMMAND(ls) {
 
     list_file_args(start, argc, argv); 
 
-    bool titled = argc - start > 1;
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    titled = argc - start > 1;
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+
         if (!is_dir(argv[i])) continue;
+        
         if (titled && !flags.recurse) {
-            if (flags.colored != NO) 
+            if (flags.colored != NO) {
                 printf("\n%s%s:%s\n", DIR_COLOR, argv[i], FILE_COLOR);
-            else
+            } else {
                 printf("\n%s:\n", argv[i]);
+            }
         }
+
         list_directory(argv[i]);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/mkdir.c b/src/commands/mkdir.c
index 3ff1afd..02fccca 100644
--- a/src/commands/mkdir.c
+++ b/src/commands/mkdir.c
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ static void help(void) {
 }
 
 static bool mkdir_parents(char* path) {
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < strlen(path); i++) {
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 1; i < strlen(path); i++) {
         if (path[i] != '/') continue;
         path[i] = '\0';
         if (mkdir(path, flags.mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
@@ -41,13 +42,17 @@ static bool mkdir_parents(char* path) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(makedir) {
+
+    int start, i;
+
     if (argc < 1) global_help(help);
 
     flags.make_parent = false;
     flags.mode = 0755;
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         if (flags.make_parent && !mkdir_parents(argv[i])) {
             continue;
         }
diff --git a/src/commands/mv.c b/src/commands/mv.c
index f3e759a..d203607 100644
--- a/src/commands/mv.c
+++ b/src/commands/mv.c
@@ -38,18 +38,24 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 }
 
 static void mv_dir(bool exists) {
+
+    char c;
+
     if (exists && flags.dont_overwrite) {
         if (flags.verbose) output("skipping '%s'; overwrise is false", get_path_buffer_2());
         return;
     }
+    
     if (exists && flags.prompt) {
         fprintf(stderr, "overwrite '%s'? ", get_path_buffer_2());
         fflush(stderr);
-        char c = getchar();
+        
+        c = getchar();
         if (c != 'y' && c != 'Y') {
             if (flags.verbose) output("skipping...");
             return;
         }
+
     }
     
     if (rename(get_path_buffer(), get_path_buffer_2()) < 0) {
@@ -61,12 +67,15 @@ static void mv_dir(bool exists) {
 
 COMMAND(mv) {
 
+    int start, dest, i;
+    struct stat s;
+
     flags.refuse_if_dir = false;
     flags.dont_overwrite = false;
     flags.prompt = false;
     flags.verbose = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
     if (argc - start < 2) {
         global_help(help);
@@ -74,8 +83,7 @@ COMMAND(mv) {
 
     push_path_buffer_2(argv[argc-1]);
 
-    bool dest = true;
-    struct stat s;
+    dest = true;
     if (lstat(get_path_buffer_2(), &s) < 0 && argc - start > 2) {
         dest = false;
         error("cannot stat '%s': %s", get_path_buffer_2(), strerror(errno));
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@ COMMAND(mv) {
         error("target '%s': Is Not A Directory", get_path_buffer_2());
     }
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc - 1; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc - 1; i++) {
         int save = push_path_buffer(argv[i]);
         bool exists = lstat(get_path_buffer(), &s) >= 0;
         mv_dir(exists);
diff --git a/src/commands/printf.c b/src/commands/printf.c
index df6ce32..519b8a2 100644
--- a/src/commands/printf.c
+++ b/src/commands/printf.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static void handle_percent(char n, const char* arg) {
         }
         case 'f': {
             double d = cast_double(arg);
-            printf("%lf", d);
+            printf("%f", d);
             break;
         }
         case 'c': {
@@ -95,6 +95,11 @@ static void help(void) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(print) {
+
+    size_t index;
+    int arg_index;
+    char n, *arg;
+
     if (argc < 1) {
         global_help(help);
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -102,8 +107,8 @@ COMMAND(print) {
 
     parse_help(argc, argv, help);
 
-    size_t index = 0;
-    int arg_index = 0;
+    index = 0;
+    arg_index = 0;
 
     while (true) {
         char c = argv[0][index];
@@ -115,10 +120,10 @@ COMMAND(print) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        char n = argv[0][index];
+        n = argv[0][index];
         index++;
 
-        char* arg = NULL;
+        arg = NULL;
         if (arg_index < argc) {
             arg = argv[arg_index + 1];
         }
diff --git a/src/commands/rm.c b/src/commands/rm.c
index 7d72c2d..8ce3e1c 100644
--- a/src/commands/rm.c
+++ b/src/commands/rm.c
@@ -40,16 +40,18 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
     return ARG_UNUSED;
 }
 
-static void rm_file(char* path);
+static void rm_file (char* path);
 
-static bool rm_dir() {
-    DIR* d = opendir(get_path_buffer());
+static bool rm_dir (void) {
+    DIR* d;
+    struct dirent* file;
+    
+    d = opendir(get_path_buffer());
     if (d == NULL) {
         error_s("failed to stat '%s': %s\n", get_path_buffer(), strerror(errno));
         return false;
     }
 
-    struct dirent* file;
     while ((file = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
         if (is_dot_dir(file->d_name)) continue;
         rm_file(file->d_name);
@@ -82,9 +84,12 @@ static void rm_file(char* path) {
     }
 
     if (flags.prompt) {
+        char c;
+
         fprintf(stderr, "delete '%s'? ", get_path_buffer());
         fflush(stderr);
-        char c = getchar();
+        
+        c = getchar();
         if (c != 'y' && c != 'Y') {
             fprintf(stderr, "Skipping...\n");
             pop_path_buffer(save);
@@ -102,6 +107,9 @@ static void rm_file(char* path) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(rm) {
+
+    int start, i;
+
     if (argc < 1) {
         global_help(help);
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -112,7 +120,7 @@ COMMAND(rm) {
     flags.verbose = false;
     flags.recurse = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
 #ifdef FRENCH
     if (streql(argv[0], "-fr")) {
@@ -120,7 +128,7 @@ COMMAND(rm) {
     }
 #endif
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         rm_file(argv[i]);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/tac.c b/src/commands/tac.c
index fbd0f74..d188de9 100644
--- a/src/commands/tac.c
+++ b/src/commands/tac.c
@@ -10,29 +10,36 @@ static void help(void) {
 }
 
 static void print_range(FILE* file, int start, int end) {
-    int len = end - start;
+    int len, i;
+
+    len = end - start;
     fseek(file, start, SEEK_SET);
-    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         putchar(getc(file));
     }
+    
     fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 static char stdin_path[PATH_MAX];
 
-static FILE* read_stdin() {
+static FILE* read_stdin (void) {
     static bool read;
     static FILE* file;
+    int r;
+    char c;
 
     if (read) goto finished;
     read = true;
     
     srand(time(NULL));
-    int r = rand() % 1000000;
+    
+    r = rand() % 1000000;
+    
     sprintf(stdin_path, "/tmp/%d.tac", r);
     file = get_file(stdin_path, "w");
 
-    char c;
     while((c = getchar()) != EOF) putc(c, file);
     fclose(file);
 
@@ -43,15 +50,15 @@ finished:
 }
 
 static void parse_file(FILE* file, struct Stack* stack) {
-    char buf[1024];
-    int read;
+    char buf[1024], c;
+    int read, i;
     int total = 1;
 
     stack_push_int(stack, 0);
     rewind(file);
     while ((read = fread(buf, 1, 1024, file)) > 0) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < read; i++) {
-            char c = buf[i];
+        for (i = 0; i < read; i++) {
+            c = buf[i];
             if (c != '\n') continue;
             stack_push_int(stack, total + i);
         }
@@ -61,34 +68,39 @@ static void parse_file(FILE* file, struct Stack* stack) {
 
 static void tac_file(FILE* file) {
     struct Stack stack;
+    int last, current;
+    
     stack_init(&stack, 80);
-
     parse_file(file, &stack);
-
     rewind(file);
-    int last, current;
+
     if (!stack_pop_int(&stack, &last)) goto cleanup;
+    
     while(stack_pop_int(&stack, &current)) {
         print_range(file, current, last);
         last = current;
     }
 
 cleanup:
+
     stack_free(&stack);
 }
 
 COMMAND(tac) {
 
+    FILE* in;
+    int i;
+
     parse_help(argc, argv, help);
 
-    FILE* in = read_stdin();
+    in = read_stdin();
 
     if (argc < 1) {
         tac_file(in);
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
         FILE* file = get_file(argv[i], "r");
         if (file == stdin) {
             tac_file(in);
diff --git a/src/commands/tail.c b/src/commands/tail.c
index 4856bc0..07b3d2b 100644
--- a/src/commands/tail.c
+++ b/src/commands/tail.c
@@ -10,18 +10,27 @@ static struct {
 } flags;
 
 static size_t tail_file_lines(FILE* file, unsigned int count, size_t skip) {
-    char* ring[count];
+
+    char** ring;
+    int* ring_len;
+    int index, read;
+    unsigned int size, i;
+    size_t len;
+    char* line;
+
+    ring = malloc(sizeof(char*) * count);
     memset(ring, 0, sizeof(char*) * count);
 
-    int ring_len[count];
+    ring_len = malloc(sizeof(int) * count);
     
-    int index = 0;
-    unsigned int size = 0;
+    index = 0;
+    size = 0;
 
-    int read;
     fseek(file, skip, SEEK_SET);
-    size_t len = skip;
-    char* line = NULL;
+    
+    len = skip;
+    line = NULL;
+    
     while ((read = getline(&line, &len, file)) != -1) {
 
         if (ring[index] != NULL) free(ring[index]);
@@ -37,8 +46,8 @@ static size_t tail_file_lines(FILE* file, unsigned int count, size_t skip) {
 
     index += count - size;
     index %= count;
-    
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+   
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         fwrite(ring[index], ring_len[index], 1, stdout);
         free(ring[index]);
         index += 1;
@@ -47,20 +56,28 @@ static size_t tail_file_lines(FILE* file, unsigned int count, size_t skip) {
 
     free(line);
     fclose(file);
+    free(ring);
+    free(ring_len);
 
     return len;
 }
 
 static size_t tail_file_chars(FILE* file, unsigned int count, size_t skip) {
-    char ring[count];
+
+    char* ring;
+    int index;
+    unsigned int size, i;
+    int read, c;
+
+    ring = malloc(sizeof(char) * count);
     memset(ring, 0, count);
 
-    int index = 0;
-    unsigned int size = 0;
+    index = 0;
+    size = 0;
 
     fseek(file, skip, SEEK_SET);
-    int read = skip;
-    int c;
+    read = skip;
+    
     while((c = getc(file)) != EOF) {
         ring[index] = c;
         index++;
@@ -72,7 +89,7 @@ static size_t tail_file_chars(FILE* file, unsigned int count, size_t skip) {
     index += count - size;
     index %= count;
 
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         putchar(ring[index]);
         index += 1;
         index %= count;
@@ -108,10 +125,14 @@ static void print_header(char* path, bool many) {
 }
 
 static void tail_file(char* path, bool many) {
-    FILE* file = get_file(path, "r");
+
+    FILE* file;
+    size_t skip;
+
+    file = get_file(path, "r");
     print_header(path, many);
     
-    size_t skip = 0;
+    skip = 0;
     while (true) {
         if (flags.lines) {
             skip = tail_file_lines(file, flags.count, skip);
@@ -127,22 +148,32 @@ static void tail_file(char* path, bool many) {
 static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
     switch (c) {
         case 'c': {
+            long int bkm;
+
             flags.lines = false;
+            
             check_arg(next);
-            long int bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            
             if (bkm < 1) {
                 error("bkm cannot be less than 1");
             }
+            
             flags.count = bkm;
             return ARG_USED;
         }
         case 'n': {
+            long int bkm;
+
             flags.lines = true;
+            
             check_arg(next);
-            long int bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            bkm = get_blkm(next);
+            
             if (bkm < 1) {
                 error("bkm cannot be less than 1");
             }
+            
             flags.count = bkm;
             return ARG_USED;
         }
@@ -156,11 +187,15 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
             flags.print_as_grow = true;
             break;
         case 's': {
+            long int sec;
+
             check_arg(next);
-            long int sec = get_number(next);
+            sec = get_number(next);
+            
             if (sec < 1) {
                 error("wait seconds cannot be less than 1");
             }
+            
             flags.grow_wait = sec;
             return ARG_USED;
         }
@@ -172,6 +207,8 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 
 COMMAND(tail) {
 
+    int start, count, i;
+
     flags.count = 10;
     flags.dont_print_headers = false;
     flags.print_headers = false;
@@ -179,9 +216,9 @@ COMMAND(tail) {
     flags.print_as_grow = false;
     flags.grow_wait = 10;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
-    int count = argc - start;
+    count = argc - start;
 
     if (count < 1) {
         tail_file_lines(stdin, 10, 0);
@@ -193,7 +230,7 @@ COMMAND(tail) {
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         tail_file(argv[start + i], true);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/tee.c b/src/commands/tee.c
index 652e369..b9b31be 100644
--- a/src/commands/tee.c
+++ b/src/commands/tee.c
@@ -17,16 +17,20 @@ static void help(void) {
 
 static void handle(int dummy){UNUSED(dummy);}
 
-static void run_tee(int file_count, FILE* files[file_count]) {
+static void run_tee(int file_count, FILE** files) {
     char c;
+    int i;
+
     while((c = getchar()) != EOF) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < file_count; i++) {
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < file_count; i++) {
             fwrite(&c, 1, 1, files[i]);
             fflush(files[i]);
         }
         putchar(c);
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < file_count; i++) {
+
+    for (i = 0; i < file_count; i++) {
         fclose(files[i]);
     }
 }
@@ -48,10 +52,13 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 
 COMMAND(tee) {
 
+    int start, i;
+    FILE** files;
+
     flags.append = false;
     flags.handle_sigint = false;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
     if (flags.handle_sigint) {
         signal(SIGINT, handle);
@@ -62,8 +69,9 @@ COMMAND(tee) {
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    FILE* files[argc - start];
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    files = malloc(sizeof(FILE*) * (argc - start));
+
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         FILE* file = get_file(argv[i], flags.append ? "a" : "w");
         files[i - start] = file;
     }
diff --git a/src/commands/wc.c b/src/commands/wc.c
index 4012b6c..d8905a5 100644
--- a/src/commands/wc.c
+++ b/src/commands/wc.c
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ static void run_wc(FILE* file) {
     int read;
     char buf[BS];
     while ((read = fread(buf, 1, 1024, file)) > 0) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < read; i++) {
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < read; i++) {
             char ch = buf[i];
             b++;
             if (ch == '\n') { 
@@ -118,6 +119,9 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(wc) {
+
+    int start, i;
+
     flags.newlines = false;
     flags.words = false;
     flags.characters = false;
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ COMMAND(wc) {
     flags.has_flags = false;
 
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
     if (!flags.has_flags) {
         flags.newlines = true;
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ COMMAND(wc) {
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    for (int i = start; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (i = start; i < argc; i++) {
         FILE* file = get_file(argv[i], "r");
         run_wc(file);
         printf("\t%s\n", argv[i]);
diff --git a/src/commands/whoami.c b/src/commands/whoami.c
index 623a35a..7fd7c85 100644
--- a/src/commands/whoami.c
+++ b/src/commands/whoami.c
@@ -9,10 +9,15 @@ static void help(void) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(whoami) {
+
+    uid_t usr;
+    struct passwd* passwd;
+
     parse_help(argc, argv, help);
 
-    uid_t usr = getuid();
-    struct passwd* passwd = getpwuid(usr);
+    usr = getuid();
+    passwd = getpwuid(usr);
+    
     if (passwd == NULL) {
         printf("\x1b[1;91myou do not exist.\n");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/commands/xargs.c b/src/commands/xargs.c
index 8f24441..3008c3c 100644
--- a/src/commands/xargs.c
+++ b/src/commands/xargs.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ static void help(void) {
 
 static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
     UNUSED(next);
+
     switch (c) {
         case '0':
             flags.null_seperated = true;
@@ -41,14 +42,19 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
         case 'p':
             flags.prompt_command = true;
             break;
-        case 'n':
+        case 'n': {
+            long int n;
+
             check_arg(next);
-            long int n = get_number(next);
+            n = get_number(next);
+            
             if (n < 1) {
                 error("max arg count must be at least 1");
             }
+            
             flags.max_args = n;
             return ARG_USED;
+        }
         default:
             return ARG_INVALID;
     }
@@ -57,13 +63,16 @@ static int short_arg(char c, char* next) {
 
 char* read_next(FILE* file, int arg_count) {
 
+    int size, capacity;
+    char* buf;
+    char c;
+
     if (flags.max_args != -1 && arg_count == flags.max_args) return NULL;
 
-    int size = 0;
-    int capacity = 8;
-    char* buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * capacity);
+    size = 0;
+    capacity = 8;
+    buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * capacity);
 
-    char c;
     while(c = getc(file), true) {
         if (c == EOF && size == 0) {
             free(buf);
@@ -99,6 +108,12 @@ void read_args(FILE* file, char*** args, int* size, int* capacity) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(xargs) {
+
+    int start, arg_start, arg_on_stack_count;
+    int size, capacity, i;
+    char* command;
+    char** args;
+
     flags.null_seperated = false;
     flags.ignore_empty = false;
     flags.print_command = false;
@@ -106,17 +121,15 @@ COMMAND(xargs) {
     flags.max_args = -1;
     flags.file = stdin;
 
-    int start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
+    start = parse_args(argc, argv, help, short_arg, NULL);
 
-    char* command;
     if (start >= argc) {
         command = "echo";
     } else {
         command = argv[start]; 
     }
 
-    int arg_start = start + 1;
-    int arg_on_stack_count;
+    arg_start = start + 1;
 
     if (arg_start >= argc) {
         arg_on_stack_count = 0;
@@ -125,9 +138,10 @@ COMMAND(xargs) {
         arg_on_stack_count = argc - arg_start;
     }
 
-    int size = arg_on_stack_count + 1;
-    int capacity = size + 8;
-    char** args = malloc(sizeof(char*) * capacity);
+    size = arg_on_stack_count + 1;
+    capacity = size + 8;
+    
+    args = malloc(sizeof(char*) * capacity);
     args[0] = command;
     memcpy(&args[1], &argv[arg_start], arg_on_stack_count * sizeof(char*));
     read_args(flags.file, &args, &size, &capacity);
@@ -135,18 +149,23 @@ COMMAND(xargs) {
     if (flags.ignore_empty && size < 2) goto cleanup;
 
     if (flags.prompt_command || flags.print_command) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
+        for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
             fprintf(stderr, "%s ", args[i]);
         }
         fprintf(stderr, "\b\n");
     }
 
     if (flags.prompt_command) {
+        FILE* in;
+        char c;
+
         fprintf(stderr, "Run command? ");
         fflush(stderr);
-        FILE* in = get_tty_stream("r");
-        char c = getc(in);
+        
+        in = get_tty_stream("r");
+        c = getc(in);
         fclose(in);
+        
         if (c != 'y' && c != 'Y') {
             fprintf(stderr, "Skipping...\n");
             goto cleanup;
@@ -159,7 +178,7 @@ COMMAND(xargs) {
 
 cleanup:
 
-    for (int i = arg_on_stack_count + 1; i < size - 1; i++) {
+    for (i = arg_on_stack_count + 1; i < size - 1; i++) {
         free(args[i]);
     }
     fclose(flags.file);
diff --git a/src/commands/yes.c b/src/commands/yes.c
index 39cf75d..6a44789 100644
--- a/src/commands/yes.c
+++ b/src/commands/yes.c
@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ static void help(void) {
 }
 
 COMMAND(yes) {
+    const char* repeat;
+    int i;
 
     parse_help(argc, argv, help);
 
-    const char* repeat;
     if (argc == 0) {
         repeat = "y";
     } else {
         repeat = argv[0];
-        for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
             *(argv[i]-1) = ' ';
         }
     }