graphics: refactor renderer

5 files changed, 353 insertions, 438 deletions

diff --git a/game/src/main.rs b/game/src/main.rs
index 038b2ac..f26ece4 100644
--- a/game/src/main.rs
+++ b/game/src/main.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 		}
 
 		// Draw a single frame
-		window.renderer().draw_frame(&dungeon);
+		window.draw_frame(&dungeon);
 	}
 
 	Ok(())
diff --git a/graphics/src/assets.rs b/graphics/src/assets.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index bb989a3..0000000
--- a/graphics/src/assets.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-//! The `assets` crate stores all audio and image assets that need to be
-//! loaded during runtime
-
-use dungeon::Item;
-use raylib::{RaylibHandle, RaylibThread, audio::RaylibAudio, texture::Texture2D};
-
-#[expect(dead_code)]
-type Sound = raylib::audio::Sound<'static>;
-
-/// The `AudioData` container initalizes the audio subsystem
-/// for raylib, leaks it (to gurentee audio is statically loaded),
-/// then loads all needed audio samples
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct AudioData {}
-impl AudioData {
-	pub(crate) fn load() -> crate::Result<Self> {
-		// Phantom handle to the raylib audio subsystem
-		// Raylib doesnt use a handle, but the rust bindings
-		// have one to ensure memory safety.
-		//
-		// We must leak this handle after allocating it,
-		// if we dont then all audio will be unloaded :(
-		//
-		// NOTE: would this cause issues if `AudioData::load` was
-		// called multiple times?
-		let _handle = Box::leak(Box::new(RaylibAudio::init_audio_device()?));
-
-		// TODO: load audio samples
-
-		//let example = handle.new_sound("example.ogg")?;
-
-		Ok(Self {})
-	}
-}
-
-/// The baseline size of all ingame sprites and tile textures
-pub(crate) const BASE_TILE_SIZE: i32 = 32;
-
-/// The height of the wall (offset between tile layers)
-pub(crate) const WALL_HEIGHT: i32 = 13;
-
-/// Texture indexes into the atlas
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum AtlasTexture {
-	Wall,
-	FloorFull,
-	FloorEmpty,
-	WallBase,
-	WallEdgeNorth,
-	WallEdgeEast,
-	WallEdgeSouth,
-	WallEdgeWest,
-	Player,
-	InvTopLayer,
-	InvBottomLayer,
-	Error,
-}
-impl AtlasTexture {
-	/// Returns the x,y position of the sprite on the atlas.bmp texture
-	#[must_use]
-	pub(crate) const fn xy(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
-		match self {
-			Self::Wall => (0, 0),
-			Self::FloorFull => (1, 0),
-			Self::FloorEmpty => (2, 0),
-			Self::WallBase => (3, 0),
-			Self::WallEdgeNorth => (0, 1),
-			Self::WallEdgeEast => (1, 1),
-			Self::WallEdgeSouth => (2, 1),
-			Self::WallEdgeWest => (3, 1),
-			Self::Player => (0, 2),
-			Self::InvTopLayer => (1, 2),
-			Self::InvBottomLayer => (2, 2),
-			Self::Error => (3, 3),
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Returns the x position of the sprite on the atlas.bmp texture
-	#[must_use]
-	pub(crate) const fn x(&self) -> i32 {
-		self.xy().0
-	}
-
-	/// Returns the y position of the sprite on the atlas.bmp texture
-	#[must_use]
-	pub(crate) const fn y(&self) -> i32 {
-		self.xy().1
-	}
-}
-
-/// The `ImageData` container loads all game sprites, and other images into memory.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct ImageData {
-	pub(crate) atlas: Texture2D,
-	pub(crate) heart_full: Texture2D,
-	pub(crate) heart_half: Texture2D,
-	pub(crate) heart_empty: Texture2D,
-	pub(crate) error: Texture2D,
-}
-impl ImageData {
-	pub(crate) fn load(
-		handle: &mut RaylibHandle,
-		thread: &RaylibThread,
-	) -> crate::Result<Self> {
-		let atlas = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/atlas.bmp")?;
-		let heart_full = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/heart_full.bmp")?;
-		let heart_half = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/heart_half.bmp")?;
-		let heart_empty = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/heart_empty.bmp")?;
-		let error = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/error.bmp")?;
-
-		Ok(Self {
-			atlas,
-			heart_full,
-			heart_half,
-			heart_empty,
-			error,
-		})
-	}
-
-	pub(crate) fn get_item_texture(&self, _item: &Item) -> &Texture2D {
-		// TODO: make item textures
-		&self.error
-	}
-}
diff --git a/graphics/src/audio.rs b/graphics/src/audio.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cf155f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/src/audio.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//! The `audio` crate stores all audio assets that need to be loaded during runtime
+
+use raylib::audio::RaylibAudio;
+
+#[expect(dead_code)]
+type Sound = raylib::audio::Sound<'static>;
+
+/// The `Audio` container initalizes the audio subsystem
+/// for raylib, leaks it (to gurentee audio is statically loaded),
+/// then loads all needed audio samples
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Audio {}
+impl Audio {
+	pub(crate) fn load() -> crate::Result<Self> {
+		// Phantom handle to the raylib audio subsystem
+		// Raylib doesnt use a handle, but the rust bindings
+		// have one to ensure memory safety.
+		//
+		// We must leak this handle after allocating it,
+		// if we dont then all audio will be unloaded :(
+		//
+		// NOTE: would this cause issues if `Audio::load` was
+		// called multiple times?
+		let _handle = Box::leak(Box::new(RaylibAudio::init_audio_device()?));
+
+		// TODO: load audio samples
+
+		//let example = handle.new_sound("example.ogg")?;
+
+		Ok(Self {})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/graphics/src/lib.rs b/graphics/src/lib.rs
index c625025..9917a94 100644
--- a/graphics/src/lib.rs
+++ b/graphics/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 
+use dungeon::Dungeon;
 use raylib::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::assets::{AudioData, ImageData};
-use crate::render::{FrameRendererImpl, Renderer};
+use crate::audio::Audio;
+use crate::render::Renderer;
 
-mod assets;
+mod audio;
 mod render;
 
 /// The `KeyCode` type represents different keys being pressed on the users keyboard
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct Window {
 	handle: RefCell<RaylibHandle>,
 	thread: RaylibThread,
 	// audio data/subsystem
-	audio: AudioData,
+	audio: Audio,
 }
 impl Window {
 	/// Instantiates a new window provided with the default
@@ -50,12 +51,11 @@ impl Window {
 			.vsync()
 			.build();
 
-		// load assets
-		let audio = AudioData::load()?;
-		let image = ImageData::load(&mut handle, &thread)?;
+		// load audio
+		let audio = Audio::load()?;
 
 		// load renderer
-		let renderer = Renderer::new(&mut handle, &thread, image)?;
+		let renderer = Renderer::new(&mut handle, &thread)?;
 
 		Ok(Self {
 			handle: RefCell::new(handle),
@@ -71,17 +71,20 @@ impl Window {
 		!self.handle.borrow().window_should_close()
 	}
 
-	/// Returns the per frame renderer for the game
+	/// Draws the next ingame frame
 	///
 	/// # Examples
 	/// ```no_run
 	/// use graphics::Window;
+	/// use dungeon::Dungeon;
 	///
+	/// let dungeon = Dungeon::new();
 	/// let mut window = Window::new(800, 600, "Dungeon Crawl").unwrap();
-	/// let mut renderer = window.renderer();
+	/// window.draw_frame(&dungeon);
 	/// ```
-	pub fn renderer(&mut self) -> FrameRendererImpl<'_> {
-		self.renderer.invoke(self.handle.get_mut(), &self.thread)
+	pub fn draw_frame(&mut self, dungeon: &Dungeon) {
+		self.renderer
+			.draw_frame(self.handle.get_mut(), &self.thread, dungeon);
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the per frame delta time
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ impl Window {
 	}
 
 	/// Get audio data for the window
-	pub fn audio(&self) -> &AudioData {
+	pub fn audio(&self) -> &Audio {
 		&self.audio
 	}
 }
diff --git a/graphics/src/render.rs b/graphics/src/render.rs
index 4166a7a..2467bb1 100644
--- a/graphics/src/render.rs
+++ b/graphics/src/render.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,78 @@
-//! The `render` module contains the structures for displaying
-//! the game, with each frame represented by a `Renderer` and
-//! frame specific information in `FrameInfo`.
-
-use std::{cell::RefCell, ops::Div, rc::Rc};
+use std::ops::Div;
 
 use dungeon::{
-	Direction, Dungeon, Entity, EntityKind, FPos, Floor, MAP_SIZE, PLAYER_FULL_HEALTH,
-	Player, Pos, Tile,
+	Direction, Dungeon, Entity, EntityKind, FPos, Floor, Item, MAP_SIZE,
+	PLAYER_FULL_HEALTH, Player, Pos, Tile,
 };
 use raylib::{
-	RaylibThread,
+	RaylibHandle, RaylibThread,
 	camera::Camera2D,
 	color::Color,
 	math::{Rectangle, Vector2},
-	prelude::{
-		RaylibDraw, RaylibDrawHandle, RaylibHandle, RaylibMode2D, RaylibMode2DExt,
-		RaylibTextureModeExt,
-	},
-	texture::{RaylibTexture2D, RenderTexture2D},
+	prelude::{RaylibDraw, RaylibMode2DExt, RaylibTextureModeExt},
+	texture::{RaylibTexture2D, RenderTexture2D, Texture2D},
 };
 
-use crate::assets::{AtlasTexture, BASE_TILE_SIZE, ImageData, WALL_HEIGHT};
+/// The baseline size of all ingame sprites and tile textures
+const BASE_TILE_SIZE: i32 = 32;
+
+/// The height of the wall (offset between tile layers)
+const WALL_HEIGHT: i32 = 13;
 
 /// The (prefered) view distance of the game
 const VIEW_DISTANCE: i32 = 5;
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Textures {
+	// Tilemap
+	atlas: Texture2D,
+	// UI
+	heart_full: Texture2D,
+	heart_half: Texture2D,
+	heart_empty: Texture2D,
+	// Misc
+	error: Texture2D,
+}
+impl Textures {
+	fn new(handle: &mut RaylibHandle, thread: &RaylibThread) -> crate::Result<Self> {
+		let atlas = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/atlas.bmp")?;
+		let heart_full = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/heart_full.bmp")?;
+		let heart_half = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/heart_half.bmp")?;
+		let heart_empty = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/heart_empty.bmp")?;
+		let error = handle.load_texture(thread, "assets/error.bmp")?;
+
+		Ok(Self {
+			atlas,
+			heart_full,
+			heart_half,
+			heart_empty,
+			error,
+		})
+	}
+
+	fn item_texture(&self, _item: &Item) -> &Texture2D {
+		// TODO: make item textures
+		&self.error
+	}
+}
+
+// Tile atlas.bmp textures
+const ATLAS_WALL_SIDE: (i32, i32) = (0, 0);
+const ATLAS_FLOOR_FULL: (i32, i32) = (1, 0);
+const ATLAS_FLOOR_EMPTY: (i32, i32) = (2, 0);
+const ATLAS_WALL_TOP: (i32, i32) = (3, 0);
+const ATLAS_WALL_EDGE: (i32, i32) = (0, 1);
+
+// Entity atlas.bmp textures
+const ATLAS_PLAYER: (i32, i32) = (0, 2);
+
+// UI atlas.bmp textures
+const ATLAS_INV_TOP_LAYER: (i32, i32) = (1, 2);
+const ATLAS_INV_BOTTOM_LAYER: (i32, i32) = (2, 2);
+
+// Misc atlas.bmp textures
+const ATLAS_ERROR: (i32, i32) = (3, 3);
+
 /// Full source rec for any texture
 const FULL_SOURCE_REC: Rectangle = Rectangle {
 	x: 0.0,
@@ -33,208 +81,131 @@ const FULL_SOURCE_REC: Rectangle = Rectangle {
 	height: BASE_TILE_SIZE as f32,
 };
 
-/// The `FrameInfo` struct stores information used during a single frame
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-struct FrameInfo {
-	/// The last calculated fps
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Renderer {
+	/* Persistant Render Data */
+	/// All loaded image resources/textures
+	textures: Textures,
+	/// Top layer of the tilemap (walls)
+	tilemap_fg: RenderTexture2D,
+	/// Bottom layer of the tilemap (floor and half-height walls)
+	tilemap_bg: RenderTexture2D,
+	/// Last computed hash of the tilemap (floor)
+	tiles_hash: Option<u64>,
+	/* Per Frame Caculated Data */
+	/// Current tile size we are rendering
+	tile_size: i32,
+	/// Last known FPS
 	fps: u32,
-	/// The render width of the framebuffer in pixels
+	/// Render width of the current frame
 	width: i32,
-	/// The render height of the framebuffer in pixels
+	/// Render height of the current frame
 	height: i32,
-	/// The tile size in pixels
-	tile_size: i32,
-}
-impl FrameInfo {
-	fn new(handle: &RaylibHandle) -> Self {
-		let fps = handle.get_fps();
-		let width = handle.get_render_width();
-		let height = handle.get_render_height();
-		let tile_size = {
-			let size = width.min(height);
-			let dist = VIEW_DISTANCE * 2 + 1;
-			let pixels = size.div(dist).max(BASE_TILE_SIZE);
-			1 << (i32::BITS - pixels.leading_zeros())
-		};
-
-		Self {
-			fps,
-			width,
-			height,
-			tile_size,
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/// The `State` struct stores persistant renderer data used across multiple frames
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct State {
-	/// Set of sprites to be drawn
-	image: ImageData,
-	/// Top layer of the tile map (used for back and top sides of walls)
-	tiles_tex_fg: RefCell<RenderTexture2D>,
-	/// Bottom layer of the tile map (used for most things)
-	tiles_tex_bg: RefCell<RenderTexture2D>,
-	/// Hash of tiles used to draw the tile textures
-	tiles_hash: RefCell<u64>,
 }
-impl State {
-	fn new(
-		handle: &mut RaylibHandle,
-		thread: &RaylibThread,
-		image: ImageData,
-	) -> crate::Result<Self> {
+impl Renderer {
+	pub fn new(handle: &mut RaylibHandle, thread: &RaylibThread) -> crate::Result<Self> {
+		// Load resources
+		let textures = Textures::new(handle, thread)?;
+		// Load render textures
 		let tex_size = MAP_SIZE as u32 * BASE_TILE_SIZE as u32;
-		let tiles_tex_fg = handle.load_render_texture(thread, tex_size, tex_size)?;
-		let tiles_tex_bg = handle.load_render_texture(thread, tex_size, tex_size)?;
+		let tilemap_fg = handle.load_render_texture(thread, tex_size, tex_size)?;
+		let tilemap_bg = handle.load_render_texture(thread, tex_size, tex_size)?;
 
 		Ok(Self {
-			image,
-			tiles_tex_fg: RefCell::new(tiles_tex_fg),
-			tiles_tex_bg: RefCell::new(tiles_tex_bg),
-			tiles_hash: RefCell::new(0),
+			textures,
+			tilemap_fg,
+			tilemap_bg,
+			tiles_hash: None,
+			tile_size: 0,
+			fps: 0,
+			width: 0,
+			height: 0,
 		})
 	}
-}
 
-/// The `Renderer` struct is the persistant renderer
-/// for the duration for the application.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Renderer {
-	/// Persistant render state
-	state: Rc<State>,
-}
-impl Renderer {
-	pub(crate) fn new(
+	pub fn draw_frame(
+		&mut self,
 		handle: &mut RaylibHandle,
-		thread: &RaylibThread,
-		image: ImageData,
-	) -> crate::Result<Self> {
-		let state = Rc::new(State::new(handle, thread, image)?);
-
-		Ok(Self { state })
+		t: &RaylibThread,
+		dungeon: &Dungeon,
+	) {
+		self.update_per_frame_data(handle);
+		let mut r = handle.begin_drawing(t);
+		r.clear_background(Color::BLACK);
+		self.draw_dungeon(&mut r, t, dungeon);
+		self.draw_ui(&mut r, dungeon);
 	}
 
-	/// Invokes the renderer for the current frame
-	pub(crate) fn invoke<'a>(
-		&'a mut self,
-		handle: &'a mut RaylibHandle,
-		thread: &'a RaylibThread,
-	) -> FrameRendererImpl<'a> {
-		let info = FrameInfo::new(handle);
-		let state = Rc::clone(&self.state);
-		FrameRenderer {
-			handle: handle.begin_drawing(thread),
-			thread,
-			info,
-			state,
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-pub type FrameRendererImpl<'a> = FrameRenderer<'a, RaylibDrawHandle<'a>>;
-
-macro_rules! tex_renderer {
-	($fr:expr, $tex:expr) => {
-		FrameRenderer {
-			handle: $fr.handle.begin_texture_mode($fr.thread, $tex),
-			thread: &$fr.thread,
-			info: $fr.info,
-			state: Rc::clone(&$fr.state),
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-pub struct FrameRenderer<'a, T>
-where
-	T: RaylibDraw,
-{
-	/// The current draw handle for raylib
-	handle: T,
-	/// The raylib thread
-	thread: &'a RaylibThread,
-	/// Non drawing information for this current frame
-	info: FrameInfo,
-	/// Persistant render state
-	state: Rc<State>,
-}
-impl<'a, T> FrameRenderer<'a, T>
-where
-	T: RaylibDraw + RaylibMode2DExt + RaylibTextureModeExt,
-{
-	/// Draws an entire frame
-	pub fn draw_frame(&mut self, dungeon: &Dungeon) {
-		self.clear(Color::BLACK);
-		self.draw_dungeon(dungeon);
-		self.draw_ui(dungeon);
+	fn update_per_frame_data(&mut self, handle: &RaylibHandle) {
+		// Get last known fps
+		self.fps = handle.get_fps();
+		// Get size (in pixels) to draw each tile
+		self.width = handle.get_render_width();
+		self.height = handle.get_render_height();
+		self.tile_size = {
+			let size = self.width.min(self.height);
+			let dist = VIEW_DISTANCE * 2 + 1;
+			let pixels = size.div(dist).max(BASE_TILE_SIZE);
+			1 << (i32::BITS - pixels.leading_zeros())
+		};
 	}
 
-	/// Draws the dungeon, (tiles and entities)
-	pub fn draw_dungeon(&mut self, dungeon: &Dungeon) {
-		self.update_tilemaps(&dungeon.floor);
-		let camera = dungeon.camera();
-		let mut renderer = self.camera_renderer(camera);
-		renderer.draw_tiles_bg();
-		renderer.draw_entities(dungeon);
-		renderer.draw_tiles_fg();
-	}
-}
-impl<'a, T> FrameRenderer<'a, T>
-where
-	T: RaylibDraw + RaylibMode2DExt,
-{
-	/// Returns a raylib camera for the given position
-	#[must_use]
-	fn camera_renderer<'b>(
-		&'b mut self,
-		cpos: FPos,
-	) -> FrameRenderer<'b, RaylibMode2D<'b, T>> {
-		let width = self.info.width;
-		let height = self.info.height;
-		let camera = Camera2D {
+	fn render_camera(&self, dungeon: &Dungeon) -> Camera2D {
+		let cpos = dungeon.camera();
+		let width = self.width;
+		let height = self.height;
+		Camera2D {
 			target: Vector2::from(cpos.xy())
-				.scale_by(self.info.tile_size as f32)
+				.scale_by(self.tile_size as f32)
 				.max(Vector2::new(width as f32 / 2.0, height as f32 / 2.0))
 				.min(Vector2::new(
-					(MAP_SIZE as i32 * self.info.tile_size) as f32 - (width as f32 / 2.0),
-					(MAP_SIZE as i32 * self.info.tile_size) as f32 - (height as f32 / 2.0),
+					(MAP_SIZE as i32 * self.tile_size) as f32 - (width as f32 / 2.0),
+					(MAP_SIZE as i32 * self.tile_size) as f32 - (height as f32 / 2.0),
 				)),
 			offset: Vector2::new(width as f32 / 2.0, height as f32 / 2.0),
 			rotation: 0.0,
 			zoom: 1.0,
-		};
-		let handle = self.handle.begin_mode2D(camera);
-		FrameRenderer {
-			handle,
-			thread: self.thread,
-			info: self.info,
-			state: Rc::clone(&self.state),
 		}
 	}
-}
-impl<'a, T> FrameRenderer<'a, T>
-where
-	T: RaylibDraw + RaylibTextureModeExt,
-{
+
+	fn draw_dungeon<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R, t: &RaylibThread, dungeon: &Dungeon)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw + RaylibMode2DExt + RaylibTextureModeExt,
+	{
+		self.update_tilemaps(r, t, &dungeon.floor);
+		let camera = self.render_camera(dungeon);
+		let mut rc = r.begin_mode2D(camera);
+		self.draw_tiles_bg(&mut rc);
+		self.draw_entities(&mut rc, dungeon);
+		self.draw_tiles_fg(&mut rc);
+	}
+
 	/// Updates all tilemaps
-	fn update_tilemaps(&mut self, floor: &Floor) {
-		let hash = floor.hash();
-		let old_hash = std::mem::replace(&mut *self.state.tiles_hash.borrow_mut(), hash);
-		if old_hash == hash {
+	fn update_tilemaps<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R, t: &RaylibThread, floor: &Floor)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw + RaylibTextureModeExt,
+	{
+		let current_hash = floor.hash();
+		if let Some(old_hash) = self.tiles_hash
+			&& old_hash == current_hash
+		{
 			// Textures are up to date
 			return;
-		}
+		};
+		self.tiles_hash = Some(current_hash);
 
-		self.update_fg_tilemap(floor);
-		self.update_bg_tilemap(floor);
+		self.update_fg_tilemap(r, t, floor);
+		self.update_bg_tilemap(r, t, floor);
 	}
 
 	/// Draws the foregound tile map
-	fn update_fg_tilemap(&mut self, floor: &Floor) {
+	fn update_fg_tilemap<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R, t: &RaylibThread, floor: &Floor)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw + RaylibTextureModeExt,
+	{
 		let size = BASE_TILE_SIZE as f32;
-		let tex = &mut self.state.tiles_tex_fg.borrow_mut();
-		let mut renderer = tex_renderer!(self, tex);
-		renderer.clear(Color::BLANK);
+		let mut rt = r.begin_texture_mode(t, &mut self.tilemap_fg);
+		rt.clear_background(Color::BLANK);
 
 		for pos in Pos::values() {
 			let (fx, fy) = FPos::from(pos).xy();
@@ -246,86 +217,138 @@ where
 			};
 
 			// draw base wall top texture
-			renderer.draw_atlas(AtlasTexture::WallBase, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
+			rt.draw_atlas(&self.textures.atlas, ATLAS_WALL_TOP, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
 
 			// draw top wall borders
 			let is_wall =
 				|dir| pos.step(dir).map_or(Tile::Wall, |p| floor.get(p)).is_wall();
 			if !is_wall(Direction::North) {
-				renderer.draw_atlas(AtlasTexture::WallEdgeNorth, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
+				rt.draw_atlas(&self.textures.atlas, ATLAS_WALL_EDGE, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
 			}
 			if !is_wall(Direction::East) {
-				renderer.draw_atlas(AtlasTexture::WallEdgeEast, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
+				rt.draw_atlas(&self.textures.atlas, ATLAS_WALL_EDGE, xs, ys, size, 90.0);
 			}
 			if !is_wall(Direction::South) {
-				renderer.draw_atlas(AtlasTexture::WallEdgeSouth, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
+				rt.draw_atlas(&self.textures.atlas, ATLAS_WALL_EDGE, xs, ys, size, 180.0);
 			}
 			if !is_wall(Direction::West) {
-				renderer.draw_atlas(AtlasTexture::WallEdgeWest, xs, ys, size, 0.0);
+				rt.draw_atlas(&self.textures.atlas, ATLAS_WALL_EDGE, xs, ys, size, 270.0);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	/// Draws the foregound tile map
-	fn update_bg_tilemap(&mut self, floor: &Floor) {
+	fn update_bg_tilemap<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R, t: &RaylibThread, floor: &Floor)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw + RaylibTextureModeExt,
+	{
 		let size = BASE_TILE_SIZE as f32;
-		let tex = &mut self.state.tiles_tex_bg.borrow_mut();
-		let mut renderer = tex_renderer!(self, tex);
-		renderer.clear(Color::BLACK);
+		let mut rt = r.begin_texture_mode(t, &mut self.tilemap_bg);
+		rt.clear_background(Color::BLACK);
 
 		for pos in Pos::values() {
 			let (x, y) = pos.xy();
 			let tile = floor.get(pos);
-			let tex = match tile {
-				Tile::Wall => AtlasTexture::Wall,
-				Tile::Air if (x + y) % 2 == 0 => AtlasTexture::FloorFull,
-				Tile::Air if (x + y) % 2 == 1 => AtlasTexture::FloorEmpty,
-				_ => AtlasTexture::Error,
+			let idx = match tile {
+				Tile::Wall => ATLAS_WALL_SIDE,
+				Tile::Air if (x + y) % 2 == 0 => ATLAS_FLOOR_FULL,
+				Tile::Air if (x + y) % 2 == 1 => ATLAS_FLOOR_EMPTY,
+				_ => ATLAS_ERROR,
 			};
-			renderer.draw_atlas(tex, x as f32 * size, y as f32 * size, size, 0.0);
+			rt.draw_atlas(
+				&self.textures.atlas,
+				idx,
+				x as f32 * size,
+				y as f32 * size,
+				size,
+				0.0,
+			);
 		}
 	}
-}
-impl<'a, T> FrameRenderer<'a, T>
-where
-	T: RaylibDraw,
-{
-	/// Clear the screen
-	pub fn clear(&mut self, color: Color) {
-		self.handle.clear_background(color);
+
+	/// Draw dungeon tiles (foreground layer)
+	fn draw_tiles_fg<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
+		let size = self.tile_size as f32;
+		let offset = WALL_HEIGHT as f32;
+		r.draw_tilemap(&self.tilemap_fg, size, offset);
+	}
+
+	/// Draw dungeon tiles (background layer)
+	fn draw_tiles_bg<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
+		let size = self.tile_size as f32;
+		let offset = 0.0;
+		r.draw_tilemap(&self.tilemap_bg, size, offset);
+	}
+
+	/// Draws the entities on the map
+	fn draw_entities<R>(&mut self, r: &mut R, dungeon: &Dungeon)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
+		self.draw_entity(r, &dungeon.player.entity);
+		for enemy in &dungeon.enemies {
+			self.draw_entity(r, &enemy.entity);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Draws an entity
+	fn draw_entity<R>(&self, r: &mut R, entity: &Entity)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
+		let size = self.tile_size as f32;
+		let x = entity.fpos.x();
+		let y = entity.fpos.y();
+		let tex = match entity.kind {
+			EntityKind::Player => ATLAS_PLAYER,
+			_ => ATLAS_ERROR,
+		};
+		r.draw_atlas(&self.textures.atlas, tex, x * size, y * size, size, 0.0);
 	}
 
 	/// Draws player HP, inventory, and floor number
-	pub fn draw_ui(&mut self, dungeon: &Dungeon) {
+	fn draw_ui<R>(&self, r: &mut R, dungeon: &Dungeon)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
 		// Draw core ui components
-		self.draw_health(&dungeon.player);
-		self.draw_inventory(&dungeon.player);
+		self.draw_health(r, &dungeon.player);
+		self.draw_inventory(r, &dungeon.player);
 
 		// Draw debug info
 		#[cfg(feature = "debug")]
-		self.draw_debug_ui(dungeon);
+		self.draw_debug_ui(r);
 	}
 
-	fn draw_health(&mut self, player: &Player) {
+	fn draw_health<R>(&self, r: &mut R, player: &Player)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
 		let health = player.entity.health.unwrap_or(0);
 		let hearts = PLAYER_FULL_HEALTH.div_ceil(2);
 		let mut full_hearts = health / 2;
 		let mut half_hearts = health % 2;
 		let mut empty_hearts = hearts.saturating_sub(full_hearts + half_hearts);
 
-		let size = self.info.tile_size.div(2).max(BASE_TILE_SIZE);
+		let size = self.tile_size.div(2).max(BASE_TILE_SIZE);
 		let y = BASE_TILE_SIZE;
 		let mut x = BASE_TILE_SIZE;
 		loop {
 			let tex = if full_hearts > 0 {
 				full_hearts -= 1;
-				&self.state.image.heart_full
+				&self.textures.heart_full
 			} else if half_hearts > 0 {
 				half_hearts -= 1;
-				&self.state.image.heart_half
+				&self.textures.heart_half
 			} else if empty_hearts > 0 {
 				empty_hearts -= 1;
-				&self.state.image.heart_empty
+				&self.textures.heart_empty
 			} else {
 				break;
 			};
@@ -336,7 +359,7 @@ where
 				width: size as f32,
 				height: size as f32,
 			};
-			self.handle.draw_texture_pro(
+			r.draw_texture_pro(
 				tex,
 				FULL_SOURCE_REC,
 				dest_rec,
@@ -348,15 +371,19 @@ where
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn draw_inventory(&mut self, player: &Player) {
+	fn draw_inventory<R>(&self, r: &mut R, player: &Player)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
 		let len = i32::try_from(player.inventory.len()).unwrap_or(0);
 
 		// size of the inv blocks
-		let size = self.info.tile_size.div(2).max(BASE_TILE_SIZE);
+		let size = self.tile_size.div(2).max(BASE_TILE_SIZE);
+		let half_size = size as f32 / 2.0;
 
 		// position of the inv blocks
-		let y = self.info.height - size;
-		let mut x = self.info.width / 2 - (size * len / 2);
+		let y = self.height - size;
+		let mut x = self.width / 2 - (size * len / 2);
 
 		// size of font for number index
 		let font_size = size / 3;
@@ -369,14 +396,16 @@ where
 				width: size as f32,
 				height: size as f32,
 			};
-			self.draw_ui_atlas(
-				AtlasTexture::InvBottomLayer,
-				x as f32,
-				y as f32,
+			r.draw_atlas(
+				&self.textures.atlas,
+				ATLAS_INV_BOTTOM_LAYER,
+				x as f32 + half_size,
+				y as f32 + half_size,
 				size as f32,
+				0.0,
 			);
-			let tex = self.state.image.get_item_texture(item);
-			self.handle.draw_texture_pro(
+			let tex = self.textures.item_texture(item);
+			r.draw_texture_pro(
 				tex,
 				FULL_SOURCE_REC,
 				dest_rec,
@@ -384,8 +413,15 @@ where
 				0.0,
 				Color::WHITE,
 			);
-			self.draw_ui_atlas(AtlasTexture::InvTopLayer, x as f32, y as f32, size as f32);
-			self.handle.draw_text(
+			r.draw_atlas(
+				&self.textures.atlas,
+				ATLAS_INV_TOP_LAYER,
+				x as f32 + half_size,
+				y as f32 + half_size,
+				size as f32,
+				0.0,
+			);
+			r.draw_text(
 				&format!("{}", idx + 1),
 				x + font_offset + font_offset / 5,
 				y + font_offset,
@@ -398,63 +434,54 @@ where
 
 	/// Draws debug information ontop of other UI elements
 	/// Called by default if `debug` featue is enabled
-	pub fn draw_debug_ui(&mut self, _dungeon: &Dungeon) {
-		self.draw_fps();
+	fn draw_debug_ui<R>(&self, r: &mut R)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
+		self.draw_fps(r);
 	}
 
 	/// Draw FPS counter (debug)
-	fn draw_fps(&mut self) {
-		let fps_str = format!("{}", self.info.fps);
-		self.handle.draw_text(&fps_str, 10, 10, 30, Color::YELLOW);
-	}
-
-	/// Draws the entities on the map
-	fn draw_entities(&mut self, dungeon: &Dungeon) {
-		self.draw_entity(&dungeon.player.entity);
-		for enemy in &dungeon.enemies {
-			self.draw_entity(&enemy.entity);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Draws an entity
-	fn draw_entity(&mut self, entity: &Entity) {
-		let size = self.info.tile_size as f32;
-		let x = entity.fpos.x();
-		let y = entity.fpos.y();
-		let tex = match entity.kind {
-			EntityKind::Player => AtlasTexture::Player,
-			_ => AtlasTexture::Error,
-		};
-		self.draw_atlas(tex, x * size, y * size, size, 0.0);
-	}
-
-	/// Draw dungeon tiles (background layer)
-	fn draw_tiles_bg(&mut self) {
-		let tex = &*self.state.tiles_tex_bg.borrow();
-		let size = self.info.tile_size as f32;
-		let offset = 0.0;
-		self.handle.draw_tilemap(tex, size, offset);
+	fn draw_fps<R>(&self, r: &mut R)
+	where
+		R: RaylibDraw,
+	{
+		let fps_str = format!("{}", self.fps);
+		r.draw_text(&fps_str, 10, 10, 30, Color::YELLOW);
 	}
+}
 
-	/// Draw dungeon tiles (foreground layer)
-	fn draw_tiles_fg(&mut self) {
-		let tex = &*self.state.tiles_tex_fg.borrow();
-		let size = self.info.tile_size as f32;
-		let offset = WALL_HEIGHT as f32;
-		self.handle.draw_tilemap(tex, size, offset);
+trait Vector2Ext {
+	fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self;
+	fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self;
+}
+impl Vector2Ext for Vector2 {
+	fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self {
+		Self::new(self.x.min(other.x), self.y.min(other.y))
 	}
 
-	/// Draw an atlas texture index (with ui offset applied)
-	fn draw_ui_atlas(&mut self, tex: AtlasTexture, x: f32, y: f32, size: f32) {
-		let half_size = size / 2.0;
-		self.draw_atlas(tex, x + half_size, y + half_size, size, 0.0);
+	fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self {
+		Self::new(self.x.max(other.x), self.y.max(other.y))
 	}
+}
 
+trait RaylibDrawExt
+where
+	Self: RaylibDraw,
+{
 	/// Draw an atlas texture index
-	fn draw_atlas(&mut self, tex: AtlasTexture, x: f32, y: f32, size: f32, rotation: f32) {
+	fn draw_atlas(
+		&mut self,
+		tex: &Texture2D,
+		(ax, ay): (i32, i32),
+		x: f32,
+		y: f32,
+		size: f32,
+		rotation: f32,
+	) {
 		let source_rec = Rectangle {
-			x: (tex.x() * BASE_TILE_SIZE) as f32,
-			y: (tex.y() * BASE_TILE_SIZE) as f32,
+			x: (ax * BASE_TILE_SIZE) as f32,
+			y: (ay * BASE_TILE_SIZE) as f32,
 			width: BASE_TILE_SIZE as f32,
 			height: BASE_TILE_SIZE as f32,
 		};
@@ -468,32 +495,9 @@ where
 			x: dest_rec.width / 2.0,
 			y: dest_rec.height / 2.0,
 		};
-		self.handle.draw_texture_pro(
-			&self.state.image.atlas,
-			source_rec,
-			dest_rec,
-			origin,
-			rotation,
-			Color::WHITE,
-		);
-	}
-}
-
-trait Vector2Ext {
-	fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self;
-	fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self;
-}
-impl Vector2Ext for Vector2 {
-	fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self {
-		Self::new(self.x.min(other.x), self.y.min(other.y))
+		self.draw_texture_pro(tex, source_rec, dest_rec, origin, rotation, Color::WHITE);
 	}
 
-	fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self {
-		Self::new(self.x.max(other.x), self.y.max(other.y))
-	}
-}
-
-trait RaylibDrawExt: RaylibDraw {
 	/// Draw dungeon tiles helper function
 	fn draw_tilemap(&mut self, tex: &RenderTexture2D, size: f32, offset: f32) {
 		let scale = size / BASE_TILE_SIZE as f32;
@@ -515,4 +519,4 @@ trait RaylibDrawExt: RaylibDraw {
 		self.draw_texture_pro(tex, source_rec, dest_rec, origin, 0.0, Color::WHITE);
 	}
 }
-impl<T: RaylibDraw> RaylibDrawExt for T {}
+impl<T> RaylibDrawExt for T where T: RaylibDraw {}