Merge branch 'develop' into feature/2024.10

13 files changed, 158 insertions, 114 deletions

diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts
index 5d07cd8e8f..f045333d2a 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { IsNull, Not } from 'typeorm';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { DI } from '@/di-symbols.js';
 import type { FollowingsRepository } from '@/models/_.js';
 import type { MiLocalUser, MiRemoteUser, MiUser } from '@/models/User.js';
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ class DeliverManager {
 
 			for (const following of followers) {
 				const inbox = following.followerSharedInbox ?? following.followerInbox;
-				if (inbox === null) throw new Error('inbox is null');
+				if (inbox === null) throw new UnrecoverableError(`inbox is null: following ${following.id}`);
 				inboxes.set(inbox, following.followerSharedInbox != null);
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApInboxService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApInboxService.ts
index 87b2b620d7..77561bcda5 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApInboxService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApInboxService.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import { AbuseReportService } from '@/core/AbuseReportService.js';
 import { FederatedInstanceService } from '@/core/FederatedInstanceService.js';
 import { fromTuple } from '@/misc/from-tuple.js';
 import { IdentifiableError } from '@/misc/identifiable-error.js';
-import { getApHrefNullable, getApId, getApIds, getApType, isAccept, isActor, isAdd, isAnnounce, isApObject, isBlock, isCollection, isCollectionOrOrderedCollection, isCreate, isDelete, isFlag, isFollow, isLike, isMove, isPost, isReject, isRemove, isTombstone, isUndo, isUpdate, validActor, validPost } from './type.js';
+import { getApHrefNullable, getApId, getApIds, getApType, getNullableApId, isAccept, isActor, isAdd, isAnnounce, isApObject, isBlock, isCollection, isCollectionOrOrderedCollection, isCreate, isDelete, isFlag, isFollow, isLike, isMove, isPost, isReject, isRemove, isTombstone, isUndo, isUpdate, validActor, validPost } from './type.js';
 import { ApNoteService } from './models/ApNoteService.js';
 import { ApLoggerService } from './ApLoggerService.js';
 import { ApDbResolverService } from './ApDbResolverService.js';
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 				// 対象が4xxならスキップ
 				if (err instanceof StatusError) {
 					if (!err.isRetryable) {
-						return `Ignored announce target ${target.id} - ${err.statusCode}`;
+						return `skip: ignored announce target ${target.id} - ${err.statusCode}`;
 					}
 					return `Error in announce target ${target.id} - ${err.statusCode}`;
 				}
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 		if (isPost(object)) {
 			await this.createNote(resolver, actor, object, false);
 		} else {
-			return `Unknown type: ${getApType(object)}`;
+			return `skip: Unsupported type for Create: ${getApType(object)} ${getNullableApId(object)}`;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 			return 'ok';
 		} catch (err) {
 			if (err instanceof StatusError && !err.isRetryable) {
-				return `skip ${err.statusCode}`;
+				return `skip: ${err.statusCode}`;
 			} else {
 				throw err;
 			}
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 			const note = await this.apDbResolverService.getNoteFromApId(uri);
 
 			if (note == null) {
-				return 'message not found';
+				return 'skip: ignoring deleted note on both ends';
 			}
 
 			if (note.userId !== actor.id) {
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 		if (isAnnounce(object)) return await this.undoAnnounce(actor, object);
 		if (isAccept(object)) return await this.undoAccept(actor, object);
 
-		return `skip: unknown object type ${getApType(object)}`;
+		return `skip: unknown activity type ${getApType(object)}`;
 	}
 
 	@bindThis
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 				return await this.create(actor, activity, resolver);
 			}
 
-			await this.apQuestionService.updateQuestion(object, actor, resolver).catch(err => console.error(err));
+			await this.apQuestionService.updateQuestion(object, actor, resolver);
 			return 'ok: Question updated';
 		} else if (isPost(object)) {
 			// If we get an Update(Note) for a note that doesn't exist, then create it instead
@@ -830,10 +830,10 @@ export class ApInboxService {
 				return await this.create(actor, activity, resolver);
 			}
 
-			await this.apNoteService.updateNote(object, actor, resolver).catch(err => console.error(err));
+			await this.apNoteService.updateNote(object, actor, resolver);
 			return 'ok: Note updated';
 		} else {
-			return `skip: Unknown type: ${getApType(object)}`;
+			return `skip: Unsupported type for Update: ${getApType(object)} ${getNullableApId(object)}`;
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApRendererService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApRendererService.ts
index 589df11959..11c88c63a4 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApRendererService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApRendererService.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { createPublicKey, randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { In } from 'typeorm';
 import * as mfm from '@transfem-org/sfm-js';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { DI } from '@/di-symbols.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
 import type { MiPartialLocalUser, MiLocalUser, MiPartialRemoteUser, MiRemoteUser, MiUser } from '@/models/User.js';
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ import { IdService } from '@/core/IdService.js';
 import { JsonLdService } from './JsonLdService.js';
 import { ApMfmService } from './ApMfmService.js';
 import { CONTEXT } from './misc/contexts.js';
+import { getApId } from './type.js';
 import type { IAccept, IActivity, IAdd, IAnnounce, IApDocument, IApEmoji, IApHashtag, IApImage, IApMention, IBlock, ICreate, IDelete, IFlag, IFollow, IKey, ILike, IMove, IObject, IPost, IQuestion, IReject, IRemove, ITombstone, IUndo, IUpdate } from './type.js';
 
 @Injectable()
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ export class ApRendererService {
 			to = [`${attributedTo}/followers`];
 			cc = [];
 		} else {
-			throw new Error('renderAnnounce: cannot render non-public note');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`renderAnnounce: cannot render non-public note: ${getApId(object)}`);
 		}
 
 		return {
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApResolverService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApResolverService.ts
index 25ccbdac60..d4964d544d 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApResolverService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApResolverService.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { IsNull, Not } from 'typeorm';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import type { MiLocalUser, MiRemoteUser } from '@/models/User.js';
 import { InstanceActorService } from '@/core/InstanceActorService.js';
 import type { NotesRepository, PollsRepository, NoteReactionsRepository, UsersRepository, FollowRequestsRepository, MiMeta } from '@/models/_.js';
@@ -15,12 +16,12 @@ import { UtilityService } from '@/core/UtilityService.js';
 import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
 import { LoggerService } from '@/core/LoggerService.js';
 import type Logger from '@/logger.js';
+import { fromTuple } from '@/misc/from-tuple.js';
 import { isCollectionOrOrderedCollection } from './type.js';
 import { ApDbResolverService } from './ApDbResolverService.js';
 import { ApRendererService } from './ApRendererService.js';
 import { ApRequestService } from './ApRequestService.js';
 import type { IObject, ICollection, IOrderedCollection } from './type.js';
-import { fromTuple } from '@/misc/from-tuple.js';
 
 export class Resolver {
 	private history: Set<string>;
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export class Resolver {
 		if (isCollectionOrOrderedCollection(collection)) {
 			return collection;
 		} else {
-			throw new Error(`unrecognized collection type: ${collection.type}`);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`unrecognized collection type: ${collection.type}`);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -84,15 +85,15 @@ export class Resolver {
 			// URLs with fragment parts cannot be resolved correctly because
 			// the fragment part does not get transmitted over HTTP(S).
 			// Avoid strange behaviour by not trying to resolve these at all.
-			throw new Error(`cannot resolve URL with fragment: ${value}`);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`cannot resolve URL with fragment: ${value}`);
 		}
 
 		if (this.history.has(value)) {
-			throw new Error('cannot resolve already resolved one');
+			throw new Error(`cannot resolve already resolved URL: ${value}`);
 		}
 
 		if (this.history.size > this.recursionLimit) {
-			throw new Error(`hit recursion limit: ${this.utilityService.extractDbHost(value)}`);
+			throw new Error(`hit recursion limit: ${value}`);
 		}
 
 		this.history.add(value);
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ export class Resolver {
 		}
 
 		if (!this.utilityService.isFederationAllowedHost(host)) {
-			throw new Error('Instance is blocked');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`instance is blocked: ${value}`);
 		}
 
 		if (this.config.signToActivityPubGet && !this.user) {
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ export class Resolver {
 				!(object['@context'] as unknown[]).includes('https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams') :
 				object['@context'] !== 'https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams'
 		) {
-			throw new Error('invalid response');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid AP object ${value}: does not have ActivityStreams context`);
 		}
 
 		// HttpRequestService / ApRequestService have already checked that
@@ -127,11 +128,11 @@ export class Resolver {
 		// object after redirects; here we double-check that no redirects
 		// bounced between hosts
 		if (object.id == null) {
-			throw new Error('invalid AP object: missing id');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid AP object ${value}: missing id`);
 		}
 
 		if (this.utilityService.punyHost(object.id) !== this.utilityService.punyHost(value)) {
-			throw new Error(`invalid AP object ${value}: id ${object.id} has different host`);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid AP object ${value}: id ${object.id} has different host`);
 		}
 
 		return object;
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ export class Resolver {
 	@bindThis
 	private resolveLocal(url: string): Promise<IObject> {
 		const parsed = this.apDbResolverService.parseUri(url);
-		if (!parsed.local) throw new Error('resolveLocal: not local');
+		if (!parsed.local) throw new UnrecoverableError(`resolveLocal - not a local URL: ${url}`);
 
 		switch (parsed.type) {
 			case 'notes':
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ export class Resolver {
 			case 'follows':
 				return this.followRequestsRepository.findOneBy({ id: parsed.id })
 					.then(async followRequest => {
-						if (followRequest == null) throw new Error('resolveLocal: invalid follow request ID');
+						if (followRequest == null) throw new UnrecoverableError(`resolveLocal - invalid follow request ID ${parsed.id}: ${url}`);
 						const [follower, followee] = await Promise.all([
 							this.usersRepository.findOneBy({
 								id: followRequest.followerId,
@@ -181,12 +182,12 @@ export class Resolver {
 							}),
 						]);
 						if (follower == null || followee == null) {
-							throw new Error('resolveLocal: follower or followee does not exist');
+							throw new Error(`resolveLocal - follower or followee does not exist: ${url}`);
 						}
 						return this.apRendererService.addContext(this.apRendererService.renderFollow(follower as MiLocalUser | MiRemoteUser, followee as MiLocalUser | MiRemoteUser, url));
 					});
 			default:
-				throw new Error(`resolveLocal: type ${parsed.type} unhandled`);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`resolveLocal: type ${parsed.type} unhandled: ${url}`);
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/JsonLdService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/JsonLdService.ts
index 100d4fa19f..9d1e2e06cc 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/JsonLdService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/JsonLdService.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import * as crypto from 'node:crypto';
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { HttpRequestService } from '@/core/HttpRequestService.js';
 import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
 import { CONTEXT, PRELOADED_CONTEXTS } from './misc/contexts.js';
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class JsonLd {
 	@bindThis
 	private getLoader() {
 		return async (url: string): Promise<RemoteDocument> => {
-			if (!/^https?:\/\//.test(url)) throw new Error(`Invalid URL ${url}`);
+			if (!/^https?:\/\//.test(url)) throw new UnrecoverableError(`Invalid URL: ${url}`);
 
 			if (this.preLoad) {
 				if (url in PRELOADED_CONTEXTS) {
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ class JsonLd {
 			},
 		).then(res => {
 			if (!res.ok) {
-				throw new Error(`${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
+				throw new Error(`JSON-LD fetch failed with ${res.status} ${res.statusText}: ${url}`);
 			} else {
 				return res.json();
 			}
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/check-against-url.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/check-against-url.ts
index c8ad2ce584..edfab5a216 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/check-against-url.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/check-against-url.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
  */
 
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import type { IObject } from '../type.js';
 
 function getHrefsFrom(one: IObject | string | undefined | (IObject | string | undefined)[]): (string | undefined)[] {
@@ -25,6 +26,6 @@ export function assertActivityMatchesUrls(activity: IObject, urls: string[]) {
 		.map(u => new URL(u as string).href);
 
 	if (!actualUrls.some(u => expectedUrls.has(u))) {
-		throw new Error(`bad Activity: neither id(${activity.id}) nor url(${JSON.stringify(activity.url)}) match location(${urls})`);
+		throw new UnrecoverableError(`bad Activity: neither id(${activity.id}) nor url(${JSON.stringify(activity.url)}) match location(${urls})`);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/validator.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/validator.ts
index 690beeffef..4292b7e0f7 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/validator.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/misc/validator.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export function validateContentTypeSetAsActivityPub(response: Response): void {
 	const contentType = (response.headers.get('content-type') ?? '').toLowerCase();
 
 	if (contentType === '') {
-		throw new Error('Validate content type of AP response: No content-type header');
+		throw new Error(`invalid content type of AP response - no content-type header: ${response.url}`);
 	}
 	if (
 		contentType.startsWith('application/activity+json') ||
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export function validateContentTypeSetAsActivityPub(response: Response): void {
 	) {
 		return;
 	}
-	throw new Error('Validate content type of AP response: Content type is not application/activity+json or application/ld+json');
+	throw new Error(`invalid content type of AP response - content type is not application/activity+json or application/ld+json: ${response.url}`);
 }
 
 const plusJsonSuffixRegex = /^\s*(application|text)\/[a-zA-Z0-9\.\-\+]+\+json\s*(;|$)/;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function validateContentTypeSetAsJsonLD(response: Response): void {
 	const contentType = (response.headers.get('content-type') ?? '').toLowerCase();
 
 	if (contentType === '') {
-		throw new Error('Validate content type of JSON LD: No content-type header');
+		throw new Error(`invalid content type of JSON LD - no content-type header: ${response.url}`);
 	}
 	if (
 		contentType.startsWith('application/ld+json') ||
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ export function validateContentTypeSetAsJsonLD(response: Response): void {
 	) {
 		return;
 	}
-	throw new Error('Validate content type of JSON LD: Content type is not application/ld+json or application/json');
+	throw new Error(`invalid content type of JSON LD - content type is not application/ld+json or application/json: ${response.url}`);
 }
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApImageService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApImageService.ts
index 4ea22ec64d..423044b985 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApImageService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApImageService.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
 import { checkHttps } from '@/misc/check-https.js';
 import { FederatedInstanceService } from '@/core/FederatedInstanceService.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
+import { IdentifiableError } from '@/misc/identifiable-error.js';
 import { ApResolverService } from '../ApResolverService.js';
 import { ApLoggerService } from '../ApLoggerService.js';
 import { isDocument, type IObject } from '../type.js';
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ export class ApImageService {
 	public async createImage(actor: MiRemoteUser, value: string | IObject): Promise<MiDriveFile | null> {
 		// 投稿者が凍結されていたらスキップ
 		if (actor.isSuspended) {
-			throw new Error('actor has been suspended');
+			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', `actor has been suspended: ${actor.uri}`);
 		}
 
 		const image = await this.apResolverService.createResolver().resolve(value);
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts
index 7d65944488..32f71fa5a1 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApNoteService.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import { forwardRef, Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { In } from 'typeorm';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { DI } from '@/di-symbols.js';
 import type { UsersRepository, PollsRepository, EmojisRepository, NotesRepository, MiMeta } from '@/models/_.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
@@ -177,22 +178,22 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		this.logger.debug(`Note fetched: ${JSON.stringify(note, null, 2)}`);
 
 		if (note.id == null) {
-			throw new Error('Refusing to create note without id');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`Refusing to create note without id: ${entryUri}`);
 		}
 
 		if (!checkHttps(note.id)) {
-			throw new Error('unexpected schema of note.id: ' + note.id);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`unexpected schema of note.id ${note.id} in ${entryUri}`);
 		}
 
 		const url = getOneApHrefNullable(note.url);
 
 		if (url != null) {
 			if (!checkHttps(url)) {
-				throw new Error('unexpected schema of note url: ' + url);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`unexpected schema of note.url ${url} in ${entryUri}`);
 			}
 
 			if (this.utilityService.punyHost(url) !== this.utilityService.punyHost(note.id)) {
-				throw new Error(`note url & uri host mismatch: note url: ${url}, note uri: ${note.id}`);
+				throw new Error(`note url <> uri host mismatch: ${url} <> ${note.id} in ${entryUri}`);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 
 		// 投稿者をフェッチ
 		if (note.attributedTo == null) {
-			throw new Error('invalid note.attributedTo: ' + note.attributedTo);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid note.attributedTo ${note.attributedTo} in ${entryUri}`);
 		}
 
 		const uri = getOneApId(note.attributedTo);
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		// eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
 		actor ??= await this.apPersonService.fetchPerson(uri) as MiRemoteUser | undefined;
 		if (actor && actor.isSuspended) {
-			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', 'actor has been suspended');
+			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', `actor ${uri} has been suspended: ${entryUri}`);
 		}
 
 		const apMentions = await this.apMentionService.extractApMentions(note.tag, resolver);
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		 */
 		const hasProhibitedWords = this.noteCreateService.checkProhibitedWordsContain({ cw, text, pollChoices: poll?.choices });
 		if (hasProhibitedWords) {
-			throw new IdentifiableError('689ee33f-f97c-479a-ac49-1b9f8140af99', 'Note contains prohibited words');
+			throw new IdentifiableError('689ee33f-f97c-479a-ac49-1b9f8140af99', `Note contains prohibited words: ${entryUri}`);
 		}
 		//#endregion
 
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 
 		// 解決した投稿者が凍結されていたらスキップ
 		if (actor.isSuspended) {
-			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', 'actor has been suspended');
+			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', `actor has been suspended: ${entryUri}`);
 		}
 
 		const noteAudience = await this.apAudienceService.parseAudience(actor, note.to, note.cc, resolver);
@@ -275,13 +276,13 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 				.then(x => {
 					if (x == null) {
 						this.logger.warn('Specified inReplyTo, but not found');
-						throw new Error('inReplyTo not found');
+						throw new Error(`could not fetch inReplyTo ${note.inReplyTo} for note ${entryUri}`);
 					}
 
 					return x;
 				})
 				.catch(async err => {
-					this.logger.warn(`Error in inReplyTo ${note.inReplyTo} - ${err.statusCode ?? err}`);
+					this.logger.warn(`error ${err.statusCode ?? err} fetching inReplyTo ${note.inReplyTo} for note ${entryUri}`);
 					throw err;
 				})
 			: null;
@@ -290,16 +291,25 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		let quote: MiNote | undefined | null = null;
 
 		if (note._misskey_quote ?? note.quoteUrl ?? note.quoteUri) {
-			const tryResolveNote = async (uri: string): Promise<
+			const tryResolveNote = async (uri: unknown): Promise<
 				| { status: 'ok'; res: MiNote }
 				| { status: 'permerror' | 'temperror' }
 			> => {
-				if (typeof uri !== 'string' || !/^https?:/.test(uri)) return { status: 'permerror' };
+				if (typeof uri !== 'string' || !/^https?:/.test(uri)) {
+					this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote ${uri} for note ${entryUri}: URI is invalid`);
+					return { status: 'permerror' };
+				}
 				try {
 					const res = await this.resolveNote(uri, { resolver });
-					if (res == null) return { status: 'permerror' };
+					if (res == null) {
+						this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote ${uri} for note ${entryUri}: resolution error`);
+						return { status: 'permerror' };
+					}
 					return { status: 'ok', res };
 				} catch (e) {
+					const error = e instanceof Error ? `${e.name}: ${e.message}` : String(e);
+					this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote ${uri} for note ${entryUri}: ${error}`);
+
 					return {
 						status: (e instanceof StatusError && !e.isRetryable) ? 'permerror' : 'temperror',
 					};
@@ -312,7 +322,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 			quote = results.filter((x): x is { status: 'ok', res: MiNote } => x.status === 'ok').map(x => x.res).at(0);
 			if (!quote) {
 				if (results.some(x => x.status === 'temperror')) {
-					throw new Error('quote resolve failed');
+					throw new Error(`temporary error resolving quote for ${entryUri}`);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -372,7 +382,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 			this.logger.info('The note is already inserted while creating itself, reading again');
 			const duplicate = await this.fetchNote(value);
 			if (!duplicate) {
-				throw new Error('The note creation failed with duplication error even when there is no duplication');
+				throw new Error(`The note creation failed with duplication error even when there is no duplication: ${entryUri}`);
 			}
 			return duplicate;
 		}
@@ -383,18 +393,17 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 	 */
 	@bindThis
 	public async updateNote(value: string | IObject, actor?: MiRemoteUser, resolver?: Resolver, silent = false): Promise<MiNote | null> {
-		const noteUri = typeof value === 'string' ? value : value.id;
-		if (noteUri == null) throw new Error('uri is null');
+		const noteUri = getApId(value);
 
 		// URIがこのサーバーを指しているならスキップ
-		if (noteUri.startsWith(this.config.url + '/')) throw new Error('uri points local');
+		if (noteUri.startsWith(this.config.url + '/')) throw new UnrecoverableError(`uri points local: ${noteUri}`);
 
 		//#region このサーバーに既に登録されているか
-		const UpdatedNote = await this.notesRepository.findOneBy({ uri: noteUri });
-		if (UpdatedNote == null) throw new Error('Note is not registered');
+		const updatedNote = await this.notesRepository.findOneBy({ uri: noteUri });
+		if (updatedNote == null) throw new Error(`Note is not registered (no note): ${noteUri}`);
 
-		const user = await this.usersRepository.findOneBy({ id: UpdatedNote.userId }) as MiRemoteUser | null;
-		if (user == null) throw new Error('Note is not registered');
+		const user = await this.usersRepository.findOneBy({ id: updatedNote.userId }) as MiRemoteUser | null;
+		if (user == null) throw new Error(`Note is not registered (no user): ${noteUri}`);
 
 		// eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
 		if (resolver == null) resolver = this.apResolverService.createResolver();
@@ -421,29 +430,29 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		this.logger.debug(`Note fetched: ${JSON.stringify(note, null, 2)}`);
 
 		if (note.id == null) {
-			throw new Error('Refusing to update note without id');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`Refusing to update note without id: ${noteUri}`);
 		}
 
 		if (!checkHttps(note.id)) {
-			throw new Error('unexpected schema of note.id: ' + note.id);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`unexpected schema of note.id ${note.id} in ${noteUri}`);
 		}
 
 		const url = getOneApHrefNullable(note.url);
 
 		if (url != null) {
 			if (!checkHttps(url)) {
-				throw new Error('unexpected schema of note url: ' + url);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`unexpected schema of note.url ${url} in ${noteUri}`);
 			}
 
 			if (this.utilityService.punyHost(url) !== this.utilityService.punyHost(note.id)) {
-				throw new Error(`note url & uri host mismatch: note url: ${url}, note uri: ${note.id}`);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`note url <> id host mismatch: ${url} <> ${note.id} in ${noteUri}`);
 			}
 		}
 
 		this.logger.info(`Creating the Note: ${note.id}`);
 
 		if (actor.isSuspended) {
-			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', 'actor has been suspended');
+			throw new IdentifiableError('85ab9bd7-3a41-4530-959d-f07073900109', `actor ${actor.id} has been suspended: ${noteUri}`);
 		}
 
 		const apMentions = await this.apMentionService.extractApMentions(note.tag, resolver);
@@ -470,7 +479,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		 */
 		const hasProhibitedWords = await this.noteCreateService.checkProhibitedWordsContain({ cw, text, pollChoices: poll?.choices });
 		if (hasProhibitedWords) {
-			throw new IdentifiableError('689ee33f-f97c-479a-ac49-1b9f8140af99', 'Note contains prohibited words');
+			throw new IdentifiableError('689ee33f-f97c-479a-ac49-1b9f8140af99', `Note contains prohibited words: ${noteUri}`);
 		}
 		//#endregion
 
@@ -501,13 +510,13 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 				.then(x => {
 					if (x == null) {
 						this.logger.warn('Specified inReplyTo, but not found');
-						throw new Error('inReplyTo not found');
+						throw new Error(`could not fetch inReplyTo ${note.inReplyTo}: ${entryUri}`);
 					}
 
 					return x;
 				})
 				.catch(async err => {
-					this.logger.warn(`Error in inReplyTo ${note.inReplyTo} - ${err.statusCode ?? err}`);
+					this.logger.warn(`error ${err.statusCode ?? err} fetching inReplyTo ${note.inReplyTo}: ${entryUri}`);
 					throw err;
 				})
 			: null;
@@ -516,16 +525,25 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		let quote: MiNote | undefined | null = null;
 
 		if (note._misskey_quote ?? note.quoteUrl ?? note.quoteUri) {
-			const tryResolveNote = async (uri: string): Promise<
+			const tryResolveNote = async (uri: unknown): Promise<
 				| { status: 'ok'; res: MiNote }
 				| { status: 'permerror' | 'temperror' }
 			> => {
-				if (typeof uri !== 'string' || !/^https?:/.test(uri)) return { status: 'permerror' };
+				if (typeof uri !== 'string' || !/^https?:/.test(uri)) {
+					this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote ${uri} for note ${entryUri}: URI is invalid`);
+					return { status: 'permerror' };
+				}
 				try {
 					const res = await this.resolveNote(uri, { resolver });
-					if (res == null) return { status: 'permerror' };
+					if (res == null) {
+						this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote ${uri} for note ${entryUri}: resolution error`);
+						return { status: 'permerror' };
+					}
 					return { status: 'ok', res };
 				} catch (e) {
+					const error = e instanceof Error ? `${e.name}: ${e.message}` : String(e);
+					this.logger.warn(`Failed to resolve quote ${uri} for note ${entryUri}: ${error}`);
+
 					return {
 						status: (e instanceof StatusError && !e.isRetryable) ? 'permerror' : 'temperror',
 					};
@@ -538,7 +556,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 			quote = results.filter((x): x is { status: 'ok', res: MiNote } => x.status === 'ok').map(x => x.res).at(0);
 			if (!quote) {
 				if (results.some(x => x.status === 'temperror')) {
-					throw new Error('quote resolve failed');
+					throw new Error(`temporary error resolving quote for ${entryUri}`);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -573,7 +591,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		const apEmojis = emojis.map(emoji => emoji.name);
 
 		try {
-			return await this.noteEditService.edit(actor, UpdatedNote.id, {
+			return await this.noteEditService.edit(actor, updatedNote.id, {
 				createdAt: note.published ? new Date(note.published) : null,
 				files,
 				reply,
@@ -598,7 +616,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 			this.logger.info('The note is already inserted while creating itself, reading again');
 			const duplicate = await this.fetchNote(value);
 			if (!duplicate) {
-				throw new Error('The note creation failed with duplication error even when there is no duplication');
+				throw new Error(`The note creation failed with duplication error even when there is no duplication: ${noteUri}`);
 			}
 			return duplicate;
 		}
@@ -615,7 +633,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 		const uri = getApId(value);
 
 		if (!this.utilityService.isFederationAllowedUri(uri)) {
-			throw new StatusError('blocked host', 451);
+			throw new StatusError(`blocked host: ${uri}`, 451, 'blocked host');
 		}
 
 		const unlock = await this.appLockService.getApLock(uri);
@@ -627,7 +645,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 			//#endregion
 
 			if (this.utilityService.isUriLocal(uri)) {
-				throw new StatusError('cannot resolve local note', 400, 'cannot resolve local note');
+				throw new StatusError(`cannot resolve local note: ${uri}`, 400, 'cannot resolve local note');
 			}
 
 			// リモートサーバーからフェッチしてきて登録
@@ -675,7 +693,7 @@ export class ApNoteService {
 					});
 
 					const emoji = await this.emojisRepository.findOneBy({ host, name });
-					if (emoji == null) throw new Error('emoji update failed');
+					if (emoji == null) throw new Error(`emoji update failed: ${name}:${host}`);
 					return emoji;
 				}
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApPersonService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApPersonService.ts
index 1fa4a11d47..3908b71111 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApPersonService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApPersonService.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import promiseLimit from 'promise-limit';
 import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
 import { ModuleRef } from '@nestjs/core';
 import { AbortError } from 'node-fetch';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { DI } from '@/di-symbols.js';
 import type { FollowingsRepository, InstancesRepository, MiMeta, UserProfilesRepository, UserPublickeysRepository, UsersRepository } from '@/models/_.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
@@ -140,26 +141,27 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 		const expectHost = this.utilityService.punyHost(uri);
 
 		if (!isActor(x)) {
-			throw new Error(`invalid Actor type '${x.type}'`);
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor type '${x.type}' in ${uri}`);
 		}
 
 		if (!(typeof x.id === 'string' && x.id.length > 0)) {
-			throw new Error('invalid Actor: wrong id');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong id type`);
 		}
 
 		if (!(typeof x.inbox === 'string' && x.inbox.length > 0)) {
-			throw new Error('invalid Actor: wrong inbox');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong inbox type`);
 		}
 
-		if (this.utilityService.punyHost(x.inbox) !== expectHost) {
-			throw new Error('invalid Actor: inbox has different host');
+		const inboxHost = this.utilityService.punyHost(x.inbox);
+		if (inboxHost !== expectHost) {
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong inbox ${inboxHost}`);
 		}
 
 		const sharedInboxObject = x.sharedInbox ?? (x.endpoints ? x.endpoints.sharedInbox : undefined);
 		if (sharedInboxObject != null) {
 			const sharedInbox = getApId(sharedInboxObject);
 			if (!(typeof sharedInbox === 'string' && sharedInbox.length > 0 && this.utilityService.punyHost(sharedInbox) === expectHost)) {
-				throw new Error('invalid Actor: wrong shared inbox');
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong shared inbox ${sharedInbox}`);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -169,16 +171,16 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 				const collectionUri = getApId(xCollection);
 				if (typeof collectionUri === 'string' && collectionUri.length > 0) {
 					if (this.utilityService.punyHost(collectionUri) !== expectHost) {
-						throw new Error(`invalid Actor: ${collection} has different host`);
+						throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong ${collection} ${collectionUri}`);
 					}
 				} else if (collectionUri != null) {
-					throw new Error(`invalid Actor: wrong ${collection}`);
+					throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri}: wrong ${collection} type`);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (!(typeof x.preferredUsername === 'string' && x.preferredUsername.length > 0 && x.preferredUsername.length <= 128 && /^\w([\w-.]*\w)?$/.test(x.preferredUsername))) {
-			throw new Error('invalid Actor: wrong username');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong username`);
 		}
 
 		// These fields are only informational, and some AP software allows these
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 		// we can at least see these users and their activities.
 		if (x.name) {
 			if (!(typeof x.name === 'string' && x.name.length > 0)) {
-				throw new Error('invalid Actor: wrong name');
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong name`);
 			}
 			x.name = truncate(x.name, nameLength);
 		} else if (x.name === '') {
@@ -195,24 +197,24 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 		}
 		if (x.summary) {
 			if (!(typeof x.summary === 'string' && x.summary.length > 0)) {
-				throw new Error('invalid Actor: wrong summary');
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong summary`);
 			}
 			x.summary = truncate(x.summary, summaryLength);
 		}
 
 		const idHost = this.utilityService.punyHost(x.id);
 		if (idHost !== expectHost) {
-			throw new Error('invalid Actor: id has different host');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong id ${x.id}`);
 		}
 
 		if (x.publicKey) {
 			if (typeof x.publicKey.id !== 'string') {
-				throw new Error('invalid Actor: publicKey.id is not a string');
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong publicKey.id type`);
 			}
 
 			const publicKeyIdHost = this.utilityService.punyHost(x.publicKey.id);
 			if (publicKeyIdHost !== expectHost) {
-				throw new Error('invalid Actor: publicKey.id has different host');
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid Actor ${uri} - wrong publicKey.id ${x.publicKey.id}`);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -304,18 +306,18 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 	 */
 	@bindThis
 	public async createPerson(uri: string, resolver?: Resolver): Promise<MiRemoteUser> {
-		if (typeof uri !== 'string') throw new Error('uri is not string');
+		if (typeof uri !== 'string') throw new UnrecoverableError(`uri is not string: ${uri}`);
 
 		const host = this.utilityService.punyHost(uri);
 		if (host === this.utilityService.toPuny(this.config.host)) {
-			throw new StatusError('cannot resolve local user', 400, 'cannot resolve local user');
+			throw new StatusError(`cannot resolve local user: ${uri}`, 400, 'cannot resolve local user');
 		}
 
 		// eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
 		if (resolver == null) resolver = this.apResolverService.createResolver();
 
 		const object = await resolver.resolve(uri);
-		if (object.id == null) throw new Error('invalid object.id: ' + object.id);
+		if (object.id == null) throw new UnrecoverableError(`null object.id in ${uri}`);
 
 		const person = this.validateActor(object, uri);
 
@@ -347,16 +349,16 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 		const url = getOneApHrefNullable(person.url);
 
 		if (person.id == null) {
-			throw new Error('Refusing to create person without id');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`Refusing to create person without id: ${uri}`);
 		}
 
 		if (url != null) {
 			if (!checkHttps(url)) {
-				throw new Error('unexpected schema of person url: ' + url);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`unexpected schema of person url ${url} in ${uri}`);
 			}
 
 			if (this.utilityService.punyHost(url) !== this.utilityService.punyHost(person.id)) {
-				throw new Error(`person url <> uri host mismatch: ${url} <> ${person.id}`);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`person url <> uri host mismatch: ${url} <> ${person.id} in ${uri}`);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -451,7 +453,7 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 			if (isDuplicateKeyValueError(e)) {
 				// /users/@a => /users/:id のように入力がaliasなときにエラーになることがあるのを対応
 				const u = await this.usersRepository.findOneBy({ uri: person.id });
-				if (u == null) throw new Error('already registered');
+				if (u == null) throw new UnrecoverableError(`already registered a user with conflicting data: ${uri}`);
 
 				user = u as MiRemoteUser;
 			} else {
@@ -460,7 +462,7 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (user == null) throw new Error('failed to create user: user is null');
+		if (user == null) throw new Error(`failed to create user - user is null: ${uri}`);
 
 		// Register to the cache
 		this.cacheService.uriPersonCache.set(user.uri, user);
@@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 	 */
 	@bindThis
 	public async updatePerson(uri: string, resolver?: Resolver | null, hint?: IObject, movePreventUris: string[] = []): Promise<string | void> {
-		if (typeof uri !== 'string') throw new Error('uri is not string');
+		if (typeof uri !== 'string') throw new UnrecoverableError('uri is not string');
 
 		// URIがこのサーバーを指しているならスキップ
 		if (this.utilityService.isUriLocal(uri)) return;
@@ -564,16 +566,16 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 		const url = getOneApHrefNullable(person.url);
 
 		if (person.id == null) {
-			throw new Error('Refusing to update person without id');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`Refusing to update person without id: ${uri}`);
 		}
 
 		if (url != null) {
 			if (!checkHttps(url)) {
-				throw new Error('unexpected schema of person url: ' + url);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`unexpected schema of person url ${url} in ${uri}`);
 			}
 
 			if (this.utilityService.punyHost(url) !== this.utilityService.punyHost(person.id)) {
-				throw new Error(`person url <> uri host mismatch: ${url} <> ${person.id}`);
+				throw new UnrecoverableError(`person url <> uri host mismatch: ${url} <> ${person.id} in ${uri}`);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -684,7 +686,7 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 				});
 		}
 
-		return 'skip';
+		return 'skip: too soon to migrate accounts';
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -743,7 +745,7 @@ export class ApPersonService implements OnModuleInit {
 		});
 		if (!collection) return;
 
-		if (!isCollectionOrOrderedCollection(collection)) throw new Error('Object is not Collection or OrderedCollection');
+		if (!isCollectionOrOrderedCollection(collection)) throw new UnrecoverableError(`featured ${user.featured} is not Collection or OrderedCollection in ${user.uri}`);
 
 		// Resolve to Object(may be Note) arrays
 		const unresolvedItems = isCollection(collection) ? collection.items : collection.orderedItems;
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApQuestionService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApQuestionService.ts
index 990e186e88..335ca189ec 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApQuestionService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/models/ApQuestionService.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { DI } from '@/di-symbols.js';
 import type { UsersRepository, NotesRepository, PollsRepository } from '@/models/_.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import type { IPoll } from '@/models/Poll.js';
 import type { MiRemoteUser } from '@/models/User.js';
 import type Logger from '@/logger.js';
 import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
-import { getOneApId, isQuestion } from '../type.js';
+import { getApId, getApType, getNullableApId, getOneApId, isQuestion } from '../type.js';
 import { UtilityService } from '@/core/UtilityService.js';
 import { ApLoggerService } from '../ApLoggerService.js';
 import { ApResolverService } from '../ApResolverService.js';
@@ -48,10 +49,10 @@ export class ApQuestionService {
 		if (resolver == null) resolver = this.apResolverService.createResolver();
 
 		const question = await resolver.resolve(source);
-		if (!isQuestion(question)) throw new Error('invalid type');
+		if (!isQuestion(question)) throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid type ${getApType(question)}: ${getNullableApId(question)}`);
 
 		const multiple = question.oneOf === undefined;
-		if (multiple && question.anyOf === undefined) throw new Error('invalid question');
+		if (multiple && question.anyOf === undefined) throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid question - neither oneOf nor anyOf is defined: ${getNullableApId(question)}`);
 
 		const expiresAt = question.endTime ? new Date(question.endTime) : question.closed ? new Date(question.closed) : null;
 
@@ -72,21 +73,20 @@ export class ApQuestionService {
 	 */
 	@bindThis
 	public async updateQuestion(value: string | IObject, actor?: MiRemoteUser, resolver?: Resolver): Promise<boolean> {
-		const uri = typeof value === 'string' ? value : value.id;
-		if (uri == null) throw new Error('uri is null');
+		const uri = getApId(value);
 
 		// URIがこのサーバーを指しているならスキップ
-		if (this.utilityService.isUriLocal(uri)) throw new Error('uri points local');
+		if (this.utilityService.isUriLocal(uri)) throw new Error(`uri points local: ${uri}`);
 
 		//#region このサーバーに既に登録されているか
 		const note = await this.notesRepository.findOneBy({ uri });
-		if (note == null) throw new Error('Question is not registered');
+		if (note == null) throw new Error(`Question is not registered (no note): ${uri}`);
 
 		const poll = await this.pollsRepository.findOneBy({ noteId: note.id });
-		if (poll == null) throw new Error('Question is not registered');
+		if (poll == null) throw new Error(`Question is not registered (no poll): ${uri}`);
 
 		const user = await this.usersRepository.findOneBy({ id: poll.userId });
-		if (user == null) throw new Error('Question is not registered');
+		if (user == null) throw new Error(`Question is not registered (no user): ${uri}`);
 		//#endregion
 
 		// resolve new Question object
@@ -95,25 +95,25 @@ export class ApQuestionService {
 		const question = await resolver.resolve(value);
 		this.logger.debug(`fetched question: ${JSON.stringify(question, null, 2)}`);
 
-		if (!isQuestion(question)) throw new Error('object is not a Question');
+		if (!isQuestion(question)) throw new UnrecoverableError(`object ${getApType(question)} is not a Question: ${uri}`);
 
 		const attribution = (question.attributedTo) ? getOneApId(question.attributedTo) : user.uri;
 		const attributionMatchesExisting = attribution === user.uri;
 		const actorMatchesAttribution = (actor) ? attribution === actor.uri : true;
 
 		if (!attributionMatchesExisting || !actorMatchesAttribution) {
-			throw new Error('Refusing to ingest update for poll by different user');
+			throw new UnrecoverableError(`Refusing to ingest update for poll by different user: ${uri}`);
 		}
 
 		const apChoices = question.oneOf ?? question.anyOf;
-		if (apChoices == null) throw new Error('invalid apChoices: ' + apChoices);
+		if (apChoices == null) throw new UnrecoverableError(`poll has no choices: ${uri}`);
 
 		let changed = false;
 
 		for (const choice of poll.choices) {
 			const oldCount = poll.votes[poll.choices.indexOf(choice)];
 			const newCount = apChoices.filter(ap => ap.name === choice).at(0)?.replies?.totalItems;
-			if (newCount == null || !(Number.isInteger(newCount) && newCount >= 0)) throw new Error('invalid newCount: ' + newCount);
+			if (newCount == null || !(Number.isInteger(newCount) && newCount >= 0)) throw new UnrecoverableError(`invalid newCount: ${newCount} in ${uri}`);
 
 			if (oldCount <= newCount) {
 				changed = true;
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/type.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/type.ts
index 8b1218df47..0c689efa96 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/type.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/type.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
  */
 
+import { UnrecoverableError } from 'bullmq';
 import { fromTuple } from '@/misc/from-tuple.js';
 
 export type Obj = { [x: string]: any };
@@ -64,7 +65,19 @@ export function getApId(value: string | IObject | [string | IObject]): string {
 
 	if (typeof value === 'string') return value;
 	if (typeof value.id === 'string') return value.id;
-	throw new Error('cannot determine id');
+	throw new UnrecoverableError('cannot determine id');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get ActivityStreams Object id, or null if not present
+ */
+export function getNullableApId(value: string | IObject | [string | IObject]): string | null {
+	// eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+	value = fromTuple(value);
+
+	if (typeof value === 'string') return value;
+	if (typeof value.id === 'string') return value.id;
+	return null;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/InboxProcessorService.ts b/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/InboxProcessorService.ts
index d75cf3616d..7dfa4ec704 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/InboxProcessorService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/queue/processors/InboxProcessorService.ts
@@ -225,7 +225,11 @@ export class InboxProcessorService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 		try {
 			const result = await this.apInboxService.performActivity(authUser.user, activity);
 			if (result && !result.startsWith('ok')) {
-				this.logger.warn(`inbox activity ignored (maybe): id=${activity.id} reason=${result}`);
+				if (result.startsWith('skip:')) {
+					this.logger.info(`inbox activity ignored: id=${activity.id} reason=${result}`);
+				} else {
+					this.logger.warn(`inbox activity failed: id=${activity.id} reason=${result}`);
+				}
 				return result;
 			}
 		} catch (e) {