diff --git a/include/panic.h b/include/panic.h
index d7f612c..08b7561 100644
--- a/include/panic.h
+++ b/include/panic.h
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 #define _PANIC_STR(x) _PANIC_STR2(x)
 #define _PANIC_STR2(x) #x
 
-#define panic(msg, ...) _panic_impl(_PANIC_STR(__LINE__), __FILE__, msg, ## __VA_ARGS__)
-#define kassert(val, msg, ...) do { if (!(val)) { panic(msg, ## __VA_ARGS__); } } while(0)
+#define panic(...) _panic_impl(_PANIC_STR(__LINE__), __FILE__, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define kassert(val, ...) do { if (!(val)) { panic(__VA_ARGS__); } } while(0)
 
-__attribute__((noreturn,format(printf, 3, 4)))
-void _panic_impl(char *line, char *file, char *msg, ...);
+__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)))
+_Noreturn void _panic_impl(char *line, char *file, char *format, ...);
 
-__attribute__((noreturn,format(printf, 3, 4)))
-void _panic_interrupt(void *ip, void *bp, char *msg, ...);
+__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)))
+_Noreturn void panic_interrupt(void *ip, void *bp, char *format, ...);
diff --git a/src/arch/amd64/acpi.c b/src/arch/amd64/acpi.c
index d476ac8..e262a99 100644
--- a/src/arch/amd64/acpi.c
+++ b/src/arch/amd64/acpi.c
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include "bindings.h"
 #include "memory.h"
-#include "serial.h"
 
 /* global state, idk a better way rn */
 struct acpi_state state;
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ static void *acpi_find_table_rsdt(struct rsdt *rsdt, const char *identifier, int
 		memcpy(buf, h->signature, 4);
 		buf[4] = '\n';
 		buf[5] = '\0';
-		serial_out_str(buf);
+		kputs(buf);
 		if (!strncmp(h->signature, identifier, ident_len))
 			return (void *)h;
 	}
diff --git a/src/arch/amd64/backtrace.c b/src/arch/amd64/backtrace.c
index a5e8ffd..9e1c9d7 100644
--- a/src/arch/amd64/backtrace.c
+++ b/src/arch/amd64/backtrace.c
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include <backtrace.h>
 #include <lib.h>
-#include "serial.h"
 
 struct stackframe {
 	struct stackframe *rbp;
@@ -36,17 +35,10 @@ void log_backtrace() {
 
 void log_backtrace_ex(void *ip, void *bp) {
 	struct stackframe *frame = bp;
-	char buf[20];
-	serial_out_str("Stack trace:\n");
-	ultoa((size_t)ip, buf, 16);
-	serial_out_str("  0x");
-	serial_out_str(buf);
-	serial_out_str("\n");
+	kputs("Stack trace:\n");
+	kprintf("  %#lx\n", (size_t)ip);
 	while (frame) {
-		ultoa((size_t)frame->rip, buf, 16);
-		serial_out_str("  0x");
-		serial_out_str(buf);
-		serial_out_str("\n");
+		kprintf("  %#lx\n", (size_t)frame->rip);
 		frame = frame->rbp;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/arch/amd64/debugger.c b/src/arch/amd64/debugger.c
index 2356e4a..a1fa968 100644
--- a/src/arch/amd64/debugger.c
+++ b/src/arch/amd64/debugger.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <lib.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
-#include <serial.h>
 #include <backtrace.h>
+#include <serial.h>
 #include "debugger.h"
 
 struct dr6 {
@@ -73,183 +73,217 @@ struct breakpoint {
 	uint8_t rw;
 	uint8_t used;
 	uint8_t enable;
+	uint8_t instr_len;
 };
 
-static size_t dbg_steps = 0;
+static int dbg_steps = 0;
 static int dbg_continue = 0;
 static struct breakpoint bkps[4] = {{0}, {0}, {0}, {0}};
 
-static void dbg_putc(char c) {
-	serial_out(c);
-}
-
-static void dbg_puts(char *msg) {
-	serial_out_str(msg);
-}
-
-static char dbg_getc() {
-	return serial_in();
+static size_t debugger_read(char *buf, size_t len) {
+	char *p = buf;
+	size_t result;
+	while (p < buf + len - 1) {
+		char ch = serial_in();
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '\r':
+			goto end;
+		case '\x7f':
+			if (p > buf) {
+				p--;
+				kputs("\x08 \x08");
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			kputc(ch);
+			*p++ = ch;
+		}
+	}
+end:
+	result = p - buf;
+	kputc('\n');
+	for(; p < buf + len; p++) {
+		*p = 0;
+	}
+	return result;
 }
 
 static void debugger_msg(int cause, struct dr6 dr6) {
-	char buf[24];
 	switch (cause) {
 	case DEBUG_INT3:
-		dbg_puts("dbg: reached int3");
+		kputs("dbg: reached int3");
 		break;
 	case DEBUG_FAULT:
-		dbg_puts("dbg: a fault occured");
+		kputs("dbg: a fault occured");
 		break;
 	case DEBUG_DBG:
 		if (dr6.bs)
-			dbg_puts("dbg: finished steps");
-		else if (dr6.b0)
-			dbg_puts("dbg: reached breakpoint 0");
+			kputs("dbg: finished steps");
+		if (dr6.b0)
+			kputs("dbg: reached breakpoint 0");
 		else if (dr6.b1)
-			dbg_puts("dbg: reached breakpoint 1");
+			kputs("dbg: reached breakpoint 1");
 		else if (dr6.b2)
-			dbg_puts("dbg: reached breakpoint 2");
+			kputs("dbg: reached breakpoint 2");
 		else if (dr6.b3)
-			dbg_puts("dbg: reached breakpoint 3");
+			kputs("dbg: reached breakpoint 3");
 	}
 	if (dbg_steps > 0) {
-		ultoa(dbg_steps, buf, 10);
-		dbg_puts(" (");
-		dbg_puts(buf);
-		dbg_puts(" steps left)");
+		kprintf(" (%d steps left)", dbg_steps);
 	}
 	if (dbg_continue > 0) {
-		dbg_puts(" (paused continue)");
+		kputs(" (paused continue)");
 	}
-	dbg_puts("\n");
-}
-
-static void debugger_print_reg(char *name, uint64_t val) {
-	char buf[24];
-	char *end;
-	dbg_puts(name);
-	dbg_puts(": 0x");
-
-	end = ultoa(val, buf, 16);
-	for (int i = 0; i < 16 - (end - buf); i++) {
-		dbg_putc('0');
-	}
-	dbg_puts(buf);
-
-	dbg_puts(" (");
-	end = ultoa(val, buf, 10);
-	dbg_puts(buf);
-	dbg_puts(")\n");
+	kputs("\n");
 }
 
 static void debugger_print_regs(struct isr_regs *state) {
-	debugger_print_reg("rax", state->rax);
-	debugger_print_reg("rbx", state->rbx);
-	debugger_print_reg("rcx", state->rcx);
-	debugger_print_reg("rdx", state->rdx);
-	debugger_print_reg("rsi", state->rsi);
-	debugger_print_reg("rdi", state->rdi);
-	debugger_print_reg("rsp", state->rsp);
-	debugger_print_reg("rbp", state->rbp);
-	debugger_print_reg("r8 ", state->r8 );
-	debugger_print_reg("r9 ", state->r9 );
-	debugger_print_reg("r10", state->r10);
-	debugger_print_reg("r11", state->r11);
-	debugger_print_reg("r12", state->r12);
-	debugger_print_reg("r13", state->r13);
-	debugger_print_reg("r14", state->r14);
-	debugger_print_reg("r15", state->r15);
-	dbg_puts("---\n");
-	debugger_print_reg("rip", state->rip);
-	dbg_puts("---\n");
-	debugger_print_reg("rflags", state->rflags);
+	kprintf("rax: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rax, state->rax);
+	kprintf("rbx: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rbx, state->rbx);
+	kprintf("rcx: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rcx, state->rcx);
+	kprintf("rdx: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rdx, state->rdx);
+	kprintf("rsi: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rsi, state->rsi);
+	kprintf("rdi: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rdi, state->rdi);
+	kprintf("rsp: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rsp, state->rsp);
+	kprintf("rbp: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rbp, state->rbp);
+	kprintf("r8 : %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r8 , state->r8 );
+	kprintf("r9 : %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r9 , state->r9 );
+	kprintf("r10: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r10, state->r10);
+	kprintf("r11: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r11, state->r11);
+	kprintf("r12: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r12, state->r12);
+	kprintf("r13: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r13, state->r13);
+	kprintf("r14: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r14, state->r14);
+	kprintf("r15: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->r15, state->r15);
+	kputs("---\n");
+	kprintf("rip: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rip, state->rip);
+	kputs("---\n");
+	kprintf("rflags: %#016lx (%lu)\n", state->rflags, state->rflags);
 	struct rflags *rflags = (struct rflags *)state->rflags;
-	dbg_puts("rflags: ");
-	if(rflags->cf)   dbg_puts("CF ");
-	if(rflags->pf)   dbg_puts("PF ");
-	if(rflags->af)   dbg_puts("AF ");
-	if(rflags->zf)   dbg_puts("ZF ");
-	if(rflags->sf)   dbg_puts("SF ");
-	if(rflags->tf)   dbg_puts("TF ");
-	if(rflags->if_)  dbg_puts("IF ");
-	if(rflags->df)   dbg_puts("DF ");
-	if(rflags->of)   dbg_puts("OF ");
-	if(rflags->iopl) dbg_puts("IOPL ");
-	if(rflags->nt)   dbg_puts("NT ");
-	if(rflags->md)   dbg_puts("MD ");
-	if(rflags->rf)   dbg_puts("RF ");
-	if(rflags->vm)   dbg_puts("VM ");
-	if(rflags->ac)   dbg_puts("AC ");
-	if(rflags->vif)  dbg_puts("VIF ");
-	if(rflags->vip)  dbg_puts("VIP ");
-	if(rflags->id)   dbg_puts("ID ");
-	dbg_putc('\n');
+	kputs("rflags: ");
+	if(rflags->cf)   kputs("CF ");
+	if(rflags->pf)   kputs("PF ");
+	if(rflags->af)   kputs("AF ");
+	if(rflags->zf)   kputs("ZF ");
+	if(rflags->sf)   kputs("SF ");
+	if(rflags->tf)   kputs("TF ");
+	if(rflags->if_)  kputs("IF ");
+	if(rflags->df)   kputs("DF ");
+	if(rflags->of)   kputs("OF ");
+	if(rflags->iopl) kputs("IOPL ");
+	if(rflags->nt)   kputs("NT ");
+	if(rflags->md)   kputs("MD ");
+	if(rflags->rf)   kputs("RF ");
+	if(rflags->vm)   kputs("VM ");
+	if(rflags->ac)   kputs("AC ");
+	if(rflags->vif)  kputs("VIF ");
+	if(rflags->vip)  kputs("VIP ");
+	if(rflags->id)   kputs("ID ");
+	kputs("\n");
 }
 
 #define PROMPT_LEN 60
 
-static int debugger_handle_bkp_cmd(char *buf) {
-	if (buf[0] == 'l') {
+static int debugger_handle_bkp_cmd(char *msg) {
+	if (msg[0] == 'l') {
 		// list breakpoints
-		char buf[20];
 		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-			dbg_puts("breakpoint ");
-			dbg_putc('0' + i);
-			dbg_puts(": ");
 			struct breakpoint bkp = bkps[i];
 			if(!bkp.used) {
-				dbg_puts("unset\n");
+				kprintf("breakpoint %d: unset\n", i);
 				continue;
 			}
-			dbg_puts(" 0x");
-			ultoa(bkp.addr, buf, 16);
-			dbg_puts(buf);
-			dbg_puts(" len=");
-			switch (bkp.len) {
-				case 0x0: dbg_putc('1'); break;
-				case 0x1: dbg_putc('2'); break;
-				case 0x2: dbg_putc('8'); break;
-				case 0x3: dbg_putc('4'); break;
-			}
-			dbg_puts(" trigger=");
-			switch (bkp.rw) {
-				case 0x0: dbg_puts("x "); break;
-				case 0x1: dbg_puts("w "); break;
-				case 0x2: dbg_puts("io"); break;
-				case 0x3: dbg_puts("rw"); break;
-			}
-			dbg_puts(bkp.enable ? " enabled" : " disabled");
+			const char *lenstrs[] = {"1", "2", "8", "4"};
+			const char *rwstrs[] = {"x ", "w ", "io", "rw"};
+			kprintf(
+				"breakpoint %d: %#016lx len=%s trigger=%s instrlen=%01d %s\n", 
+				i, 
+				bkp.addr,
+				lenstrs[bkp.len],
+				rwstrs[bkp.rw],
+				bkp.instr_len,
+				bkp.enable ? " enabled" : " disabled"
+			);
 		}
 		return 1;
-	} else if (buf[0] == 'd') {
+	} else if (msg[0] == 'd') {
 		// disable breakpoints
 		bkps[0].enable = 0;
 		bkps[1].enable = 0;
 		bkps[2].enable = 0;
 		bkps[3].enable = 0;
+		kputs("disabled breakpoints\n");
 		return 1;
-	} else if (buf[0] == 'c') {
+	} else if (msg[0] == 'c') {
 		// clear breakpoints
 		bkps[0].used = 0;
 		bkps[1].used = 0;
 		bkps[2].used = 0;
 		bkps[3].used = 0;
+		kputs("cleared breakpoints\n");
 		return 1;
-	} else if (buf[0] <= '0' && buf[0] >= '3') {
-		dbg_puts("invalid breakpoint command\n");
+	} else if (msg[0] <= '0' && msg[0] >= '3') {
+		kputs("invalid breakpoint command\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	char buf[64];
+	int id = msg[0] - '0';
+	switch (msg[1]) {
+	case 'e':
+		bkps[id].enable = bkps[id].used;
+		kprintf("enabled breakpoint %d\n", id);
+		return 1;
+	case 'd':
+		bkps[id].enable = 0;
+		kprintf("disabled breakpoint %d\n", id);
+		return 1;
+	case 'c':
+		bkps[id].used = 0;
+		kprintf("cleared breakpoint %d\n", id);
+		return 1;
+	case 'a':
+		kputs("addr> 0x");
+		debugger_read(buf, 64);
+		bkps[id].addr = strtoll(buf, NULL, 16);
+		kputs("len (1/2/4/8)> ");
+		debugger_read(buf, 64);
+		switch (buf[0]) {
+			case '1': bkps[id].len = 0x0; break;
+			case '2': bkps[id].len = 0x1; break;
+			case '8': bkps[id].len = 0x2; break;
+			case '4': bkps[id].len = 0x3; break;
+			default: bkps[id].len = 0x0; break;
+		}
+		kputs("cond (x/w/io/rw)> ");
+		debugger_read(buf, 64);
+		switch ((int)buf[0] * 256 + (int)buf[1]) {
+			case (int)'x'*256 + (int)0:   bkps[id].rw = 0x0; break;
+			case (int)'w'*256 + (int)0:   bkps[id].rw = 0x1; break;
+			case (int)'i'*256 + (int)'o': bkps[id].rw = 0x2; break;
+			case (int)'r'*256 + (int)'w': bkps[id].rw = 0x3; break;
+			default: bkps[id].len = 0x0; break;
+		}
+		kputs("instr len (1..15)> ");
+		debugger_read(buf, 64);
+		bkps[id].instr_len = strtoi(buf, NULL, 10);
+		kputs("enable (y/n)> ");
+		debugger_read(buf, 64);
+		bkps[id].used = 1;
+		bkps[id].enable = !(buf[0] == 'n' || buf[0] == 'N');
+		kprintf("added breakpoint %d\n", id);
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		kputs("invalid breakpoint command\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
-	// TODO set breakpoints
-	return 1;
 }
 
 static void debugger_load_bkps() {
 	struct dr7 dr7;
 	__asm__ volatile ("mov %%dr7, %0" : "=r"(dr7));
 	dr7.g0 = bkps[0].enable & bkps[0].used;
-	dr7.g1 = bkps[1].enable & bkps[0].used;
-	dr7.g2 = bkps[2].enable & bkps[0].used;
-	dr7.g3 = bkps[3].enable & bkps[0].used;
+	dr7.g1 = bkps[1].enable & bkps[1].used;
+	dr7.g2 = bkps[2].enable & bkps[2].used;
+	dr7.g3 = bkps[3].enable & bkps[3].used;
 	dr7.l0 = 0;
 	dr7.l1 = 0;
 	dr7.l2 = 0;
@@ -263,19 +297,16 @@ static void debugger_load_bkps() {
 	dr7.len2 = bkps[2].len;
 	dr7.len3 = bkps[3].len;
 	__asm__ volatile ("mov %0, %%dr7" : : "r"(dr7));
+	__asm__ volatile ("mov %0, %%dr0" : : "r"(bkps[0].addr));
+	__asm__ volatile ("mov %0, %%dr1" : : "r"(bkps[1].addr));
+	__asm__ volatile ("mov %0, %%dr2" : : "r"(bkps[2].addr));
+	__asm__ volatile ("mov %0, %%dr3" : : "r"(bkps[3].addr));
 }
 
 static int debugger_prompt(struct isr_regs *state) {
-	char buf[PROMPT_LEN];
-	char *p = buf;
-	dbg_puts("dbg> ");
-	while ((*p = dbg_getc()) != '\r' && p < buf + PROMPT_LEN - 1) {
-		dbg_putc(*p++);
-	}
-	dbg_putc('\n');
-	for(; p < buf + PROMPT_LEN; p++) {
-		*p = 0;
-	}
+	kputs("dbg> ");
+	char buf[64];
+	debugger_read(buf, 64);
 
 	struct rflags *rflags = (struct rflags *)&state->rflags;
 
@@ -283,7 +314,7 @@ static int debugger_prompt(struct isr_regs *state) {
 	case '\0': // nothing entered
 		return 1;
 	case 'h': // help
-		dbg_puts("see debugger.c for help information\n");
+		kputs("see debugger.c for help information\n");
 		return 1;
 	case 'q': // quit
 		return 0;
@@ -302,6 +333,36 @@ static int debugger_prompt(struct isr_regs *state) {
 		dbg_steps = atol(buf + 1) - 1;
 		//if (dbg_steps < 0) dbg_steps = 0;
 		return 0;
+	case 'm': // memory
+		{
+			kputs("addr> 0x");
+			debugger_read(buf, 64);
+			uint64_t start = (~0xF) & strtoll(buf, NULL, 16);
+
+			kputs("len> 0x");
+			debugger_read(buf, 64);
+			uint64_t len = (~0xF) & strtoll(buf, NULL, 16);
+
+			for (uint64_t a = start; a <= start + len; a += 0x10) {
+				kprintf("%08lx: ", a);
+				for (uint64_t b = 0; b < 0x10; b++) {
+					kprintf("%02x ", *(uint8_t *)(a + b));
+					if (b % 0x08 == 7) {
+						kputc(' ');
+					}
+				}
+				kputs("|");
+				for (uint64_t b = 0; b < 0x10; b++) {
+					uint8_t ch = *(uint8_t *)(a + b);
+					if (ch < 0x20 || ch >= 0x7f) {
+						ch = '.';
+					}
+					kputc(ch);
+				}
+				kputs("|\n");
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
 	case 'b': // breakpoints
 		{
 			int res = debugger_handle_bkp_cmd(buf+1);
@@ -309,7 +370,7 @@ static int debugger_prompt(struct isr_regs *state) {
 			return res;
 		}
 	default:
-		dbg_puts("unknown command\n");
+		kputs("unknown command\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
 }
@@ -318,9 +379,7 @@ void debugger(struct isr_regs *state, int cause) {
 	struct dr6 dr6;
 	__asm__ volatile ("mov %%dr6, %0" : "=r"(dr6));
 
-	if (dr6.b0 || dr6.b1 || dr6.b2 || dr6.b3) {
-
-	} else {
+	if (!(dr6.b0 || dr6.b1 || dr6.b2 || dr6.b3)) {
 		if (dr6.bs && dbg_steps > 0) {
 			dbg_steps--;
 			return;
@@ -333,11 +392,22 @@ void debugger(struct isr_regs *state, int cause) {
 
 	debugger_msg(cause, dr6);
 
+	kputs("hi\n");
+
 	dbg_steps = 0;
 	dbg_continue = 0;
 
-	struct rflags *rflags = (struct rflags *)&state->rflags;
-	rflags->tf = 0;
+	((struct rflags *)&state->rflags)->tf = 0;
+
+	if (dr6.b0) {
+		state->rip += bkps[0].instr_len;
+	} else if (dr6.b1) {
+		state->rip += bkps[1].instr_len;
+	} else if (dr6.b2) {
+		state->rip += bkps[2].instr_len;
+	} else if (dr6.b3) {
+		state->rip += bkps[3].instr_len;
+	}
 
 	while (debugger_prompt(state));
 }
diff --git a/src/arch/amd64/fb.c b/src/arch/amd64/fb.c
index 8484f29..8560166 100644
--- a/src/arch/amd64/fb.c
+++ b/src/arch/amd64/fb.c
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include <lib.h>
 #include <memory.h>
-#include <serial.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <panic.h>
 #include <pci.h>
diff --git a/src/arch/amd64/idt.c b/src/arch/amd64/idt.c
index a2ee2a7..d33c795 100644
--- a/src/arch/amd64/idt.c
+++ b/src/arch/amd64/idt.c
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <lib.h>
-#include <serial.h>
 #include <panic.h>
 
 #include "debugger.h"
@@ -74,48 +73,48 @@ void idt_init(void) {
 
 // Intel manual vol 3 ch 6.3.1
 char *EXCEPTIONS[] = {
-	"0x00 Division Error",
-	"0x01 Debug",
-	"0x02 NMI",
-	"0x03 Breakpoint",
-	"0x04 Overflow",
-	"0x05 BOUND Range Exceeded",
-	"0x06 Invalid Opcode",
-	"0x07 Device Not Available",
-	"0x08 Double Fault",
-	"0x09 Coprocessor Segment Overrun",
-	"0x0A Invalid TSS",
-	"0x0B Segment Not Present",
-	"0x0C Stack-Segment Fault",
-	"0x0D General Protection Fault",
-	"0x0E Page Fault",
-	"0x0F Reserved",
-	"0x10 x87 Floating-Point Error",
-	"0x11 Alignment Check",
-	"0x12 Machine Check",
-	"0x13 SIMD Floaing-Point Exception",
-	"0x14 Virtualization Exception",
-	"0x15 Control Protection Exception",
-	"0x16 Reserved",
-	"0x17 Reserved",
-	"0x18 Reserved",
-	"0x19 Reserved",
-	"0x1A Reserved",
-	"0x1B Reserved",
-	"0x1C Hypervisor Injection Exception",
-	"0x1D VMM Communication Exception",
-	"0x1E Security Exception",
-	"0x1F Reserved",
+	"Division Error",
+	"Debug",
+	"NMI",
+	"Breakpoint",
+	"Overflow",
+	"BOUND Range Exceeded",
+	"Invalid Opcode",
+	"Device Not Available",
+	"Double Fault",
+	"Coprocessor Segment Overrun",
+	"Invalid TSS",
+	"Segment Not Present",
+	"Stack-Segment Fault",
+	"General Protection Fault",
+	"Page Fault",
+	"Reserved",
+	"x87 Floating-Point Error",
+	"Alignment Check",
+	"Machine Check",
+	"SIMD Floaing-Point Exception",
+	"Virtualization Exception",
+	"Control Protection Exception",
+	"Reserved",
+	"Reserved",
+	"Reserved",
+	"Reserved",
+	"Reserved",
+	"Reserved",
+	"Hypervisor Injection Exception",
+	"VMM Communication Exception",
+	"Security Exception",
+	"Reserved",
 };
 
 void idt_exception_handler(uint64_t exception, uint64_t code, struct isr_regs *state) {
-	// breakpoint interrupt
-	if (exception == 0x03) {
-		debugger(state, DEBUG_INT3);
-		return;
-	} else if (exception == 0x01) {
+	switch (exception) {
+	case 0x01: // debug
 		debugger(state, DEBUG_DBG);
 		return;
+	case 0x03: // breakpoint
+		debugger(state, DEBUG_INT3);
+		return;
 	}
 
 	char custom[64];
@@ -124,12 +123,12 @@ void idt_exception_handler(uint64_t exception, uint64_t code, struct isr_regs *s
 	// page faults store the offending address in cr2
 	if (exception == 0x0E) {
 		strcat(custom, "\nPage fault address: 0x");
-		void *addr;
-		__asm__ volatile ("mov %%cr2, %0" : "=r"(addr));
-		ultoa((size_t)addr, custom + 23, 16);
+		uint64_t cr2;
+		__asm__ volatile ("mov %%cr2, %0" : "=r"(cr2));
+		ultoa((size_t)cr2, custom + 23, 16);
 	}
 
-	_panic_interrupt(
+	panic_interrupt(
 			(void *)state->rip,
 			(void *)state->rbp,
 			"Exception %s\nError code 0x%lu%s",
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ void idt_pic_timer(void) {
 	// print a message once we know the timer works
 	// but avoid spamming the logs
 	if (counter == 3) {
-		serial_out_str("pic timer!\n");
+		kputs("pic timer!\n");
 	}
 	if (counter <= 3) {
 		counter++;
diff --git a/src/arch/amd64/panic.c b/src/arch/amd64/panic.c
index fa750bc..6c35727 100644
--- a/src/arch/amd64/panic.c
+++ b/src/arch/amd64/panic.c
@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
 #include <panic.h>
 #include <backtrace.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
+
 #include <lib.h>
 
 #include "bindings.h"
 
-void _panic_impl(char *line, char *file, char *format, ...) {
+_Noreturn void _panic_impl(char *line, char *file, char *format, ...) {
 	cli();
 	va_list list;
-	va_start(list, msg);
+	va_start(list, format);
 	kprintf("\n\n!!! PANIC !!!\n");
 	kprintf("In file %s at line %s:\n", file, line);
 	kvprintf(format, list);
 	kprintf("\n\n");
+
 	log_backtrace();
 	while (1) {
 		halt();
 	}
 }
 
-void _panic_interrupt(void *ip, void *bp, char *format, ...) {
-	cli();
+_Noreturn void panic_interrupt(void *ip, void *bp, char *msg, ...) {
 	va_list list;
 	va_start(list, msg);
-	kprintf("\n\n!!! PANIC !!!\n");
-	kvprintf(format, list);
-	kprintf("\n\n");
+	cli();
+	kputs("\n\n!!! PANIC !!!\n");
+	kvprintf(msg, list);
+	kputs("\n\n");
+
 	log_backtrace_ex(ip, bp);
 	while (1) {
 		halt();
diff --git a/src/kmain.c b/src/kmain.c
index bc1d225..7ae9d01 100644
--- a/src/kmain.c
+++ b/src/kmain.c
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include <acpi.h>
 #include <memory.h>
 #include <lib.h>
-#include <serial.h>
 #include <fb.h>
 #include <shim.h>
 #include <panic.h>
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ void kmain(struct boot_info *info) {
 	*(char *)(0xB8000 + 0x144) = 'h';
 	*(char *)(0xB8000 + 0x146) = 'i';
 
+
 	while (1) {
 		__asm__("hlt;");
 		// loop so we dont halt
diff --git a/src/print.c b/src/print.c
index 712df30..4adfcf7 100644
--- a/src/print.c
+++ b/src/print.c
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ static void print_unum(
 
 	bool space_pre = (flag & FLG_LEFT_ALIGN) || !(flag & FLG_ZERO);
 
-	if (!space_pre && radix == 16 && flag & FLG_ALTERNATE) {
+	if (!space_pre && radix == 16 && (flag & FLG_ALTERNATE)) {
 		char x = base + ('x' - 'a');
 		serial_out('0');
 		serial_out(x);
@@ -371,6 +371,12 @@ static void print_unum(
 		if (flag & FLG_ZERO)
 			zero_padded = true;
 	}
+	
+	if (space_pre && radix == 16 && (flag & FLG_ALTERNATE)) {
+		char x = base + ('x' - 'a');
+		serial_out('0');
+		serial_out(x);
+	}
 
 	if (space_pre && radix == 16 && flag & FLG_ALTERNATE) {
 		char x = base + ('x' - 'a');